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| Same, same but different? Multiplex networks in Swiss and German Climate Mitigation Policy | |
| 项目编号 | 100017_188950 |
| Ingold Karin Mirjam | |
| 项目主持机构 | University of Berne - BE |
| 开始日期 | 2020-08-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2024-07-31 |
| 英文摘要 | At the very same time, when Greta Thunberg, the Swedish climate activist, started to mobilize masses of college students all over the world to engage in school strikes to protect the climate, and when the international community held the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) Conference of the Parties in Katowice, the National Council refused the new Swiss CO2 act. To policy scholars, this is not a big surprise, as national politics depend upon diverse factors going beyond social movements or international agreements (Dolowitz and Marsh 2000; Fraser 2002). When policymaking fails and policy proposals are refused, different theories and the literature would say: This is because of a lack of coordination among key actors involved in policymaking (Gieve and Provost 2012). Different theoretical schools emphasize diverse drivers for coordination: power devices (Smith et al. 2014), beliefs and advocacy activity (Calanni et al. 2015), institutions and joint venue shopping (Fischer and Leifeld 2015), or trust and reciprocity (Berardo and Scholz 2010). The first contribution of this research project is to evaluate the conditions under which actors involved in climate policymaking start coordinating their actions. Different than most of the previous studies, we do not focus on one or two - individual, structural, or institutional - factors influencing coordination, but we integrate them within the same model to account for so-called interaction effects. The second contribution is of practical relevance. Climate policymaking is rather an example of policy failure than of policy success. This holds true already for the policy design, when only second best options can gain enough support by the political elite (Aldy et al. 2010). This research project gives more evidence about how a joint problem understanding or how bringing diverse stakeholders around one table might enhance climate policy coordination at the domestic level. The analysis of complex policymaking asks for more than one data source and method. We analyze so-called multiplex networks and investigate them based on surveys of the political elite as well as through document and media analysis. Multiplex networks are defined as networks composed of different types of relations (e.g., information, coordination) between the same set of actors (Hayes and Scott 2018). However, the policy network literature is not yet entirely clear about the nature of multiplex networks, i.e. whether they really share the same set of nodes (e.g., the actors), whether they are based on the same or on different data gathering techniques (e.g., surveys versus documents), or whether they are linked to each other through causality or correlation (Heaney 2014). To fill this gap, and as third contribution, we give more conceptual and empirical clarity about multiplex networks in policy studies. To materialize the three contributions, we undertake three research tasks that are conducted by one PostDoc and one PhD student in close collaboration with the principal investigator. We develop a taxonomy of multiplex networks, as well as a network typology to test the different hypotheses about the drivers of coordination in policymaking. We then conduct survey- and document-based social network analysis, as well as discourse analysis to produce different networks of coordination, trust, power, or ideology. Finally, we employ different models (e.g., (temporal) exponential random graph models) to draw inference. Eventually, this comparative and multiplex network analysis will produce evidence about different individual, structural, and institutional factors important in policymaking. Empirically, we compare Swiss and German climate policy, because the two countries are similarly affected by climate change, have similar political institutions (federalism and related venues), and show a comparable degree of conflict among key actors in climate change mitigation policy. But the reliance on fossil fuels for energy production is considerably different in two countries as well as other socio-economic factors. Comparing two cases of similarity in the political system and policy subsystem and of difference in the larger socio-economic structure can bring more insights about the different factors driving coordination and the production of effective policies. Our results provide scholars with more evidence about what data gathering and analysis techniques might work under what conditions in policy network analysis. Moreover, our project informs theory about the validity of core assumptions (e.g., belief homophily or the transformation from two- into one-mode networks). Finally yet importantly, our results advise decision-makers with whom or how to coordinate in order to produce more effective climate change mitigation policy. |
| 英文关键词 | Climate Mitigation Policy; Environmental governance; Institutional Analysis; Social Network Analysis; Coordination |
| 学科分类 | 1503 - 政治学;15 - 社会科学与人文 |
| 资助机构 | CH-SNSF |
| 项目经费 | 588009 |
| 项目类型 | Project funding (Div. I-III) |
| 国家 | CH |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/191082 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Ingold Karin Mirjam.Same, same but different? Multiplex networks in Swiss and German Climate Mitigation Policy.2020. |
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