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DOI	10.1039/c7ee00826k
	Copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells - A review
	Ramanujam J.; Singh U.P.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	17545692
起始页码	1306
结束页码	1319
卷号	10 期号:6
英文摘要	Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cells are receiving worldwide attention for solar power generation. They are efficient thin film solar cells that have achieved 22.8% efficiency comparable to crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer based solar cells. For a production capacity of 1000 MW y-1 with 15% module efficiency, the CIGS module production cost is expected to be $0.34 W-1. For CIGS cells over glass, a graded bandgap high temperature deposition process has been established, however, this process has not been established for CIGS over flexible polymer substrates which is a low temperature process. For small area devices, the main focus is precise control over CIGS film stoichiometry and efficiency. For industrial production, apart from stoichiometry and efficiency, low-cost, reproducibility, high-throughput and process tolerance are of much importance in commercializing the technology. Due to process complexity, CIGS module production is lagging behind that of cadmium telluride (CdTe) modules. In this review article, the working mechanism of CIGS solar cells with a back surface field, the importance of developing CIGS solar cells, and the limitations for their commercialization are discussed. CIGS solar cells are compared with c-Si solar cells. After briefly reviewing the history of the chalcopyrite alloy system, graded bandgaps, effects of sodium distribution in CIGS layers, growth of CIGS layers using various techniques, role of buffer layer/transparent conducting oxides, CdS free buffer layers, concerns related to flexible solar cells, and factors affecting the cell efficiency are reviewed. Further efficiency improvement options are discussed. Cell stability, challenges, solutions and future prospects of CIGS solar cells are outlined. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017.
英文关键词	Cadmium sulfide; Cadmium telluride; Copper; Efficiency; Energy gap; Indium; Silicon solar cells; Silicon wafers; Solar energy; Solar power generation; Stoichiometry; Thin film solar cells; Throughput; Back surface fields; Crystalline silicons; Efficiency improvement; Flexible polymer substrates; Flexible solar cells; High-temperature deposition; Industrial production; Low- temperature process; Solar cells; alloy; cadmium; chalcopyrite; commercialization; copper; fuel cell; gallium; high temperature; indium; low temperature; polymer; production cost; solar power; telluride
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy & Environmental Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/190480
作者单位	Physics of Energy Harvesting Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110 012, India; School of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ramanujam J.,Singh U.P.. Copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells - A review[J],2017,10(6).
APA	Ramanujam J.,&Singh U.P..(2017).Copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells - A review.Energy & Environmental Science,10(6).
MLA	Ramanujam J.,et al."Copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells - A review".Energy & Environmental Science 10.6(2017).