气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using: Operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction

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DOI	10.1039/c8ee02373e
	Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using: Operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction
	Yao K.P.C.; Okasinski J.S.; Kalaga K.; Shkrob I.A.; Abraham D.P.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17545692
起始页码	656
结束页码	665
卷号	12 期号:2
英文摘要	Safe, fast, and energy efficient cycling of lithium ion batteries is desired in many practical applications. However, modeling studies predict steep Li + ion gradients in the electrodes during cycling at the higher currents. Such gradients introduce heterogeneities in the electrodes, which make it difficult to predict cell lifetimes as different portions of the cell age at different rates. There is a dearth of experimental methods to probe these concentration gradients across the depth of the electrode. Here we use spatially resolved energy dispersive X-ray diffraction to obtain a "movie" of lithiation and delithiation in different sections of the cell and quantify lithium gradients that develop in a porous graphite electrode during cycling at a 1C rate. Inhomogeneity in the total Li content, and in the individual ordered Li x C 6 phases formed during lithium insertion into (and extraction from) the graphite, has been observed in an operando fashion. The complex dynamics of lithium-staging in graphite with the distinct front propagation of phase changes have been characterized and new features of these dynamics are highlighted here. As large Li + ion gradients contribute to cell polarization, our results suggest that Li plating conditions can be met near the graphite electrode surface, even when the cell is charged at a moderate (1C) rate. © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
英文关键词	Crack propagation; Dispersion (waves); Energy efficiency; Graphite; Graphite electrodes; Ions; Lithium; X ray diffraction; Cell polarization; Concentration gradients; Energy dispersive x-ray diffractions; Experimental methods; Front propagation; Lithium insertion; Plating conditions; Spatially resolved; Lithium-ion batteries; concentration (composition); electrode; experimental study; fuel cell; graphite; lithium; quantitative analysis; X-ray diffraction
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy & Environmental Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/189979
作者单位	Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, United States; University of Delaware, 334 Spencer Lab, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yao K.P.C.,Okasinski J.S.,Kalaga K.,et al. Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using: Operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction[J],2019,12(2).
APA	Yao K.P.C.,Okasinski J.S.,Kalaga K.,Shkrob I.A.,&Abraham D.P..(2019).Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using: Operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction.Energy & Environmental Science,12(2).
MLA	Yao K.P.C.,et al."Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using: Operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction".Energy & Environmental Science 12.2(2019).