气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Understanding Hail in the Earth System

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2019RG000665
	Understanding Hail in the Earth System
	Allen J.T.; Giammanco I.M.; Kumjian M.R.; Jurgen Punge H.; Zhang Q.; Groenemeijer P.; Kunz M.; Ortega K.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	87551209
卷号	58 期号:1
英文摘要	The processes leading to the development of hail and the distribution of these events worldwide are reviewed. Microphysical and physical characteristics of hail development are described to provide context of the notable gaps in our understanding of what drives hail to grow large, or what determines how it falls to the ground. Distributional characteristics of hail are explored, utilizing both surface observations of hailstones and remotely sensed observational data sets to identify opportunities and needs for new observations. These observational deficiencies contribute to our limited capacity to both forecast hail or its expected size and reduce the effectiveness of using favorable conditions for hail development as a proxy to frequency where observations are unavailable. Given the substantive influences of both climate variability and the changing Earth system on hail, the latest understanding of their contributions to risk are addressed. Applying this understanding of the distribution and physical characteristics of hail, the damage by hail to agriculture and insured property is assessed. Much remains unknown about the processes leading to hail growth and environmental controls on hail occurrence, size, and magnitude, particularly outside of the United States and Europe. A better understanding of the global occurrence of hail is also needed to better anticipate the hazard and associated impacts. © 2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
语种	英语
来源期刊	Reviews of Geophysics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/188093
作者单位	Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety, Richburg, SC, United States; Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; European Severe Storms Laboratory, Wessling, Germany; Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma and NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Allen J.T.,Giammanco I.M.,Kumjian M.R.,et al. Understanding Hail in the Earth System[J],2020,58(1).
APA	Allen J.T..,Giammanco I.M..,Kumjian M.R..,Jurgen Punge H..,Zhang Q..,...&Ortega K..(2020).Understanding Hail in the Earth System.Reviews of Geophysics,58(1).
MLA	Allen J.T.,et al."Understanding Hail in the Earth System".Reviews of Geophysics 58.1(2020).