气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2020RG000712
	The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge
	MacGregor J.A.; Boisvert L.N.; Medley B.; Petty A.A.; Harbeck J.P.; Bell R.E.; Blair J.B.; Blanchard-Wrigglesworth E.; Buckley E.M.; Christoffersen M.S.; Cochran J.R.; Csathó B.M.; De Marco E.L.; Dominguez R.T.; Fahnestock M.A.; Farrell S.L.; Gogineni S.P.; Greenbaum J.S.; Hansen C.M.; Hofton M.A.; Holt J.W.; Jezek K.C.; Koenig L.S.; Kurtz N.T.; Kwok R.; Larsen C.F.; Leuschen C.J.; Locke C.D.; Manizade S.S.; Martin S.; Neumann T.A.; Nowicki S.M.J.; Paden J.D.; Richter-Menge J.A.; Rignot E.J.; Rodríguez-Morales F.; Siegfried M.R.; Smith B.E.; Sonntag J.G.; Studinger M.; Tinto K.J.; Truffer M.; Wagner T.P.; Woods J.E.; Young D.A.; Yungel J.K.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	87551209
卷号	59 期号:2
英文摘要	The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Operation IceBridge (OIB) was a 13-year (2009–2021) airborne mission to survey land and sea ice across the Arctic, Antarctic, and Alaska. Here, we review OIB’s goals, instruments, campaigns, key scientific results, and implications for future investigations of the cryosphere. OIB’s primary goal was to use airborne laser altimetry to bridge the gap in fine-resolution elevation measurements of ice from space between the conclusion of NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat; 2003–2009) and its follow-on, ICESat-2 (launched 2018). Additional scientific requirements were intended to contextualize observed elevation changes using a multisensor suite of radar sounders, gravimeters, magnetometers, and cameras. Using 15 different aircraft, OIB conducted 968 science flights, of which 42% were repeat surveys of land ice, 42% were surveys of previously unmapped terrain across the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, Arctic ice caps, and Alaskan glaciers, and 16% were surveys of sea ice. The combination of an expansive instrument suite and breadth of surveys enabled numerous fundamental advances in our understanding of the Earth’s cryosphere. For land ice, OIB dramatically improved knowledge of interannual outlet-glacier variability, ice-sheet, and outlet-glacier thicknesses, snowfall rates on ice sheets, fjord and sub-ice-shelf bathymetry, and ice-sheet hydrology. Unanticipated discoveries included a reliable method for constraining the thickness within difficult-to-sound incised troughs beneath ice sheets, the extent of the firn aquifer within the Greenland Ice Sheet, the vulnerability of many Greenland and Antarctic outlet glaciers to ocean-driven melting at their grounding zones, and the dominance of surface-melt-driven mass loss of Alaskan glaciers. For sea ice, OIB significantly advanced our understanding of spatiotemporal variability in sea ice freeboard and its snow cover, especially through combined analysis of fine-resolution altimetry, visible imagery, and snow radar measurements of the overlying snow thickness. Such analyses led to the unanticipated discovery of an interdecadal decrease in snow thickness on Arctic sea ice and numerous opportunities to validate sea ice freeboards from satellite radar altimetry. While many of its data sets have yet to be fully explored, OIB’s scientific legacy has already demonstrated the value of sustained investment in reliable airborne platforms, airborne instrument development, interagency and international collaboration, and open and rapid data access to advance our understanding of Earth’s remote polar regions and their role in the Earth system. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
语种	英语
来源期刊	Reviews of Geophysics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/188059
作者单位	NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory (Code 615), Greenbelt, MD, United States; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; ADNET Systems, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geodesy and Geophysics Laboratory (Code 61A), Greenbelt, MD, United States; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Electro-mechanical Systems Branch (Code 544), Greenbelt, MD, United States; ATA Aerospace, Greenbelt, MD, United States; NASA Ames Research Center, Universities Space Research Assoc...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	MacGregor J.A.,Boisvert L.N.,Medley B.,等. The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge[J],2021,59(2).
APA	MacGregor J.A..,Boisvert L.N..,Medley B..,Petty A.A..,Harbeck J.P..,...&Yungel J.K..(2021).The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge.Reviews of Geophysics,59(2).
MLA	MacGregor J.A.,et al."The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge".Reviews of Geophysics 59.2(2021).