气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds

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DOI	10.1029/2019JB018739
	Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds
	Howell A.; Nissen E.; Stahl T.; Clark K.; Kearse J.; Van Dissen R.; Villamor P.; Langridge R.; Jones K.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	21699313
卷号	125 期号:1
英文摘要	High-resolution, three-dimensional (3-D) measurements of surface displacements during earthquakes can provide constraints on fault geometry and near-surface slip and also quantify on-fault and off-fault deformation. However, measurements of surface displacements are often hampered by a lack of high-resolution preearthquake elevation data, such as lidar. For example, preearthquake lidar for the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake only covers ≲10% of ~180 km of mapped surface ruptures. To overcome a lack of preearthquake lidar, we measure 3-D coseismic displacements during the Kaikōura earthquake using point clouds generated from aerial photographs. From these point clouds, which cover the whole area of the 2016 surface ruptures, it is possible to measure 3-D displacements to within ±0.2 m. We measure coseismic slip and estimate the geometries of faults in the steep, inaccessible Seaward Kaikōura mountains, where postearthquake field observations are very sparse. The Jordan Fault (previously the Jordan Thrust) ruptured in 2016 as a moderate-to-steeply dipping (~50–80°), predominantly strike-slip fault. Slip on this fault in 2016—which included a normal-sense component in some areas—contrasts with field observations that indicate significant longer-term shortening across the Jordan Fault during the Holocene. It is therefore likely that different earthquakes on the Jordan Fault have very different slip vectors and that the fault does not exhibit “characteristic” slip behavior. For faults like the Jordan Fault, long-term time-averaged estimates of slip rate may not be reliable indicators of the sense and magnitude of slip in individual earthquakes. ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	Co-seismic deformation; New Zealand; Photogrammetry; Point-cloud differencing
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/188044
作者单位	School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Howell A.,Nissen E.,Stahl T.,et al. Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds[J],2020,125(1).
APA	Howell A..,Nissen E..,Stahl T..,Clark K..,Kearse J..,...&Jones K..(2020).Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds.Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,125(1).
MLA	Howell A.,et al."Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds".Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 125.1(2020).