气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Heat Flux From a Vapor-Dominated Hydrothermal Field Beneath Yellowstone Lake

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DOI	10.1029/2020JB021098
	Heat Flux From a Vapor-Dominated Hydrothermal Field Beneath Yellowstone Lake
	Favorito J.E.; Harris R.N.; Sohn R.A.; Hurwitz S.; Luttrell K.M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	21699313
卷号	126 期号:5
英文摘要	We report results from 149 heat flux measurements made over n ∼2-year interval at sites in and around a vapor-dominated geothermal field located at water depths of ∼100–120 m in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming. Measurements of both in situ temperature and thermal conductivity as a function of depth were made with a 1 m probe via a remotely operated vehicle, and are combined to compute the vertical conductive heat flux. Inside the ∼55.5 × 103 m2 bathymetric depression demarcating the vapor-dominated field, the median conductive flux is 13 W m−2, with a conductive output of 0.72 MW. Outside the thermal field, the median conductive flux is 3.5 W m−2. We observed 49 active vents inside the thermal field, with an estimated mass discharge rate of 56 kg s−1, a median exit-fluid temperature of 132°C, and a total heat output of 29 MW. We find evidence for relatively weak secondary convection with a total output of 0.09 MW in thermal area lake floor sediments. Our data indicate that vapor beneath the thermal field is trapped by a low-permeability cap at a temperature of ∼189°C and a depth of ∼15 m below the lake floor. The thermal output of the Deep Hole is among the highest of any vapor-dominated field in Yellowstone, due in part to the high boiling temperatures associated with the elevated lake floor pressures. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	geothermal systems; heat flow; lacustrine
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/187107
作者单位	College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Now at the Rivers School, Weston, MA, United States; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; U.S. Geological Survey, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Favorito J.E.,Harris R.N.,Sohn R.A.,et al. Heat Flux From a Vapor-Dominated Hydrothermal Field Beneath Yellowstone Lake[J],2021,126(5).
APA	Favorito J.E.,Harris R.N.,Sohn R.A.,Hurwitz S.,&Luttrell K.M..(2021).Heat Flux From a Vapor-Dominated Hydrothermal Field Beneath Yellowstone Lake.Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,126(5).
MLA	Favorito J.E.,et al."Heat Flux From a Vapor-Dominated Hydrothermal Field Beneath Yellowstone Lake".Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126.5(2021).