气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A Satellite Era Warming Hole in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

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DOI	10.1029/2019JC015834
	A Satellite Era Warming Hole in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
	Nnamchi H.C.; Latif M.; Keenlyside N.S.; Park W.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	21699275
卷号	125 期号:4
英文摘要	Observations during the satellite era 1979–2018 only depict small sea surface temperature (SST) trends over the Equatorial Atlantic cold tongue region in boreal summer. This lack of surface warming of the cold tongue, termed warming hole here, denotes an 11% amplification of the mean SST annual cycle. The warming hole is driven by a shoaling of the equatorial thermocline, linked to increased wind stress forcing, and damped by the surface turbulent heat fluxes. The satellite era warming deficit is not unusual during the twentieth century—similar weak trends were also observed during the 1890s–1910s and 1940s–1960s. The tendency for surface cooling appears to reflect an interaction of external forcing, which controls the timing and magnitude of the cooling, with the intrinsic variability of the climate system. The hypothesis for externally forced modulation of internal variability is supported by climate model simulations forced by the observed time-varying concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases and natural aerosols. These show that increased greenhouse forcing warmed the cold tongue and aerosols cooled it during the satellite era. However, internal variability, as derived from control integrations with fixed, preindustrial values of greenhouse gases and aerosols, can potentially cause larger cooling than observed during the satellite era. Large uncertainties remain on the relative roles of external forcing and intrinsic variability in both observations and coupled climate models. ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	CMIP5; Equatorial Atlantic; External forcing; Intrinsic variability; Thermocline feedback; Warming hole
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/186911
作者单位	GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway; Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Nnamchi H.C.,Latif M.,Keenlyside N.S.,et al. A Satellite Era Warming Hole in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean[J],2020,125(4).
APA	Nnamchi H.C.,Latif M.,Keenlyside N.S.,&Park W..(2020).A Satellite Era Warming Hole in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean.Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,125(4).
MLA	Nnamchi H.C.,et al."A Satellite Era Warming Hole in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean".Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125.4(2020).