气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Snow on Arctic Sea Ice in a Warming Climate as Simulated in CESM

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2020JC016308
	Snow on Arctic Sea Ice in a Warming Climate as Simulated in CESM
	Webster M.A.; DuVivier A.K.; Holland M.M.; Bailey D.A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	21699275
卷号	126 期号:1
英文摘要	Earth system models are valuable tools for understanding how the Arctic snow-ice system and the feedbacks therein may respond to a warming climate. In this analysis, we investigate snow on Arctic sea ice to better understand how snow conditions may change under different forcing scenarios. First, we use in situ, airborne, and satellite observations to assess the realism of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) in simulating snow on Arctic sea ice. CESM versions one and two are evaluated, with V1 being the Large Ensemble experiment (CESM1-LE) and V2 being configured with low- and high-top atmospheric components. The assessment shows CESM2 underestimates snow depth and produces overly uniform snow distributions, whereas CESM1-LE produces a highly variable, excessively-thick snow cover. Observations indicate that snow in CESM2 accumulates too slowly in autumn, too quickly in winter-spring, and melts too soon and rapidly in late spring. The 1950–2050 trends in annual mean snow depths are markedly smaller in CESM2 (−0.8 cm decade−1) than in CESM1-LE (−3.6 cm decade−1) due to CESM2 having less snow overall. A perennial, thick sea-ice cover, cool summers, and excessive summer snowfall facilitate a thicker, longer-lasting snow cover in CESM1-LE. Under the SSP5-8.5 forcing scenario, CESM2 shows that, compared to present-day, snow on Arctic sea ice will: (1) undergo enhanced, earlier spring melt, (2) accumulate less in summer-autumn, (3) sublimate more, and (4) facilitate marginally more snow-ice formation. CESM2 also reveals that summers with snow-free ice can occur ∼30–60 years before an ice-free central Arctic, which may promote faster sea-ice melt. © 2020. The Authors.
英文关键词	Arctic; climate; climate change; Earth system model; sea ice; snow
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/186516
作者单位	Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Webster M.A.,DuVivier A.K.,Holland M.M.,et al. Snow on Arctic Sea Ice in a Warming Climate as Simulated in CESM[J],2021,126(1).
APA	Webster M.A.,DuVivier A.K.,Holland M.M.,&Bailey D.A..(2021).Snow on Arctic Sea Ice in a Warming Climate as Simulated in CESM.Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,126(1).
MLA	Webster M.A.,et al."Snow on Arctic Sea Ice in a Warming Climate as Simulated in CESM".Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126.1(2021).