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DOI	10.1029/2019JD032099
	On the Accuracy of Ray-Theory Methods to Determine the Altitudes of Intracloud Electric Discharges and Ionospheric Reflections: Application to Narrow Bipolar Events
	Li D.; Liu F.; Pérez-Invernón F.J.; Lu G.; Qin Z.; Zhu B.; Luque A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	2169897X
卷号	125 期号:9
英文摘要	Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) (also called narrow bipolar pulses [NBPs] or compact intracloud discharges [CIDs]) are energetic intracloud discharges characterized by narrow bipolar electromagnetic waveforms identified from ground-based very low frequency (VLF)/low-frequency (LF) observations. The simplified ray-theory method proposed by Smith et al. (1999, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD200045; 2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RS002790) is widely used to infer the altitude of intracloud lightning and the effective (or virtual) reflection height of the ionosphere from VLF/LF signals. However, due to the large amount of high-frequency components in NBEs, the propagation effect of the electromagnetic fields for NBEs at large distance depends nontrivially on the geometry and the effective conductivity of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide (EIWG). In this study, we investigate the propagation of NBEs by using a full-wave Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach. The simulated results are compared with ground-based measurements at different distances in Southern China, and we assess the accuracy of the simplified ray-theory method in estimating the altitude of the NBE source and the effective reflection height of the ionosphere. It is noted that the evaluated NBE altitudes have a slight difference of about ±1 km when compared with the full-wave FDTD results, while the evaluated ionospheric reflection heights are found to be bigger than those obtained from FDTD model by about 5 km. ©2020. The Authors.
英文关键词	Earth-Ionosphere WaveGuide (EIWG); finite-difference time domain (FDTD); narrow bipolar events (NBEs); VLF/LF
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/186020
作者单位	Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), CSIC, Granada, Spain; CAS Key Laboratory of Geo-space Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institüt für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany; Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area Weather Research Center for Monitoring Warning and Forecasting (Shenzhen Institute of Meteorological Innovation), Shenzhen, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li D.,Liu F.,Pérez-Invernón F.J.,et al. On the Accuracy of Ray-Theory Methods to Determine the Altitudes of Intracloud Electric Discharges and Ionospheric Reflections: Application to Narrow Bipolar Events[J],2020,125(9).
APA	Li D..,Liu F..,Pérez-Invernón F.J..,Lu G..,Qin Z..,...&Luque A..(2020).On the Accuracy of Ray-Theory Methods to Determine the Altitudes of Intracloud Electric Discharges and Ionospheric Reflections: Application to Narrow Bipolar Events.Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,125(9).
MLA	Li D.,et al."On the Accuracy of Ray-Theory Methods to Determine the Altitudes of Intracloud Electric Discharges and Ionospheric Reflections: Application to Narrow Bipolar Events".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125.9(2020).