气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Benchmark Calculations of Radiative Forcing by Greenhouse Gases

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2020JD033483
	Benchmark Calculations of Radiative Forcing by Greenhouse Gases
	Pincus R.; Buehler S.A.; Brath M.; Crevoisier C.; Jamil O.; Franklin Evans K.; Manners J.; Menzel R.L.; Mlawer E.J.; Paynter D.; Pernak R.L.; Tellier Y.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	2169897X
卷号	125 期号:23
英文摘要	Changes in concentrations of greenhouse gases lead to changes in radiative fluxes throughout the atmosphere. The value of this change, the instantaneous radiative forcing, varies across climate models, due partly to differences in the distribution of clouds, humidity, and temperature across models and partly due to errors introduced by approximate treatments of radiative transfer. This paper describes an experiment within the Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparision Project that uses benchmark calculations made with line-by-line models to identify parameterization error in the representation of absorption and emission by greenhouse gases. Clear-sky instantaneous forcing by greenhouse gases is computed using a set of 100 profiles, selected from a reanalysis of present-day conditions, that represent the global annual mean forcing from preindustrial times to the present day with sampling errors of less than 0.01 W m−2. Six contributing line-by-line models agree in their estimate of this forcing to within 0.025 W m−2 while even recently developed parameterizations have typical errors 4 or more times larger, suggesting both that the samples reveal true differences among line-by-line models and that parameterization error will be readily identifiable. Agreement among line-by-line models is better in the longwave than in the shortwave where differing treatments of the water vapor continuum affect estimates of forcing by carbon dioxide and methane. The impacts of clouds on instantaneous radiative forcing are estimated from climate model simulations, and the adjustment due to stratospheric temperature changes estimated by assuming fixed dynamical heating. Adjustments are large only for ozone and for carbon dioxide, for which stratospheric cooling introduces modest nonlinearity. © 2020. The Authors.
英文关键词	CMIP6; effective radiative forcing; line by line; RFMIP
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/185624
作者单位	Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; NOAA Physical Sciences Lab, Boulder, CO, United States; Meteorological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, Paris, France; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Global Systems Institute, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Princeton, NJ, United States; Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pincus R.,Buehler S.A.,Brath M.,et al. Benchmark Calculations of Radiative Forcing by Greenhouse Gases[J],2020,125(23).
APA	Pincus R..,Buehler S.A..,Brath M..,Crevoisier C..,Jamil O..,...&Tellier Y..(2020).Benchmark Calculations of Radiative Forcing by Greenhouse Gases.Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,125(23).
MLA	Pincus R.,et al."Benchmark Calculations of Radiative Forcing by Greenhouse Gases".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125.23(2020).