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DOI	10.1029/2019JD031940
	Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes
	Belz J.W.; Krehbiel P.R.; Remington J.; Stanley M.A.; Abbasi R.U.; LeVon R.; Rison W.; Rodeheffer D.; Abu-Zayyad T.; Allen M.; Barcikowski E.; Bergman D.R.; Blake S.A.; Byrne M.; Cady R.; Cheon B.G.; Chikawa M.; di Matteo A.; Fujii T.; Fujita K.; Fujiwara R.; Fukushima M.; Furlich G.; Hanlon W.; Hayashi M.; Hayashi Y.; Hayashida N.; Hibino K.; Honda K.; Ikeda D.; Inadomi T.; Inoue N.; Ishii T.; Ito H.; Ivanov D.; Iwakura H.; Jeong H.M.; Jeong S.; Jui C.C.H.; Kadota K.; Kakimoto F.; Kalashev O.; Kasahara K.; Kasami S.; Kawai H.; Kawakami S.; Kawata K.; Kido E.; Kim H.B.; Kim J.H.; Kim J.H.; Kuzmin† V.; Kuznetsov M.; Kwon Y.J.; Lee K.H.; Lubsandorzhiev B.; Lundquist J.P.; Machida K.; Matsumiya H.; Matthews J.N.; Matuyama T.; Mayta R.; Minamino M.; Mukai K.; Myers I.; Nagataki S.; Nakai K.; Nakamura R.; Nakamura T.; Nakamura Y.; Nonaka T.; Oda H.; Ogio S.; Ohnishi M.; Ohoka H.; Oku Y.; Okuda T.; Omura Y.; Ono M.; Oshima A.; Ozawa S.; Park I.H.; Potts M.; Pshirkov M.S.; Rodriguez D.C.; Rubtsov G.; Ryu D.; Sagawa H.; Sahara R.; Saito K.; Saito Y.; Sakaki N.; Sako T.; Sakurai N.; Sano K.; Seki T.; Sekino K.; Shibata F.; Shibata T.; Shimodaira H.; Shin B.K.; Shin H.S.; Smith J.D.; Sokolsky P.; Sone N.; Stokes B.T.; Stroman T.A.; Takagi Y.; Takahashi Y.; Takeda M.; Takeishi R.; Taketa A.; Takita M.; Tameda Y.; Tanaka K.; Tanaka M.; Tanoue Y.; Thomas S.B.; Thomson G.B.; Tinyakov P.; Tkachev I.; Tokuno H.; Tomida T.; Troitsky S.; Tsunesada Y.; Uchihori Y.; Udo S.; Uehama T.; Urban F.; Wallace M.; Wong T.; Yamamoto M.; Yamaoka H.; Yamazaki K.; Yashiro K.; Yosei M.; Yoshii H.; Zhezher Y.; Zundel Z.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	2169897X
卷号	125 期号:23
英文摘要	In this paper we report the first close, high-resolution observations of downward-directed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large-area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud-to-ground and low-altitude intracloud flashes and that the IBPs are produced by a newly identified streamer-based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark-like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub-pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub-pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely, as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP. ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	Atmospheric Electricity; Fast breakdown; Initial Breakdown Pulse; Lightning; Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes; Transient Conducting Events
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/185606
作者单位	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, SocorroNM, United States; Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Physics and The Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physics, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan; Service de Physique Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; INFN, sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy; The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; F...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Belz J.W.,Krehbiel P.R.,Remington J.,et al. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes[J],2020,125(23).
APA	Belz J.W..,Krehbiel P.R..,Remington J..,Stanley M.A..,Abbasi R.U..,...&Zundel Z..(2020).Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes.Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,125(23).
MLA	Belz J.W.,et al."Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125.23(2020).