气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles in the Free Troposphere From Western US Wildfires

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DOI	10.1029/2020JD033752
	Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles in the Free Troposphere From Western US Wildfires
	Barry K.R.; Hill T.C.J.; Levin E.J.T.; Twohy C.H.; Moore K.A.; Weller Z.D.; Toohey D.W.; Reeves M.; Campos T.; Geiss R.; Schill G.P.; Fischer E.V.; Kreidenweis S.M.; DeMott P.J.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	2169897X
卷号	126 期号:3
英文摘要	Wildfires in the western United States are large sources of particulate matter, and the area burned by wildfires is predicted to increase in the future. Some particles released from wildfires can affect cloud formation by serving as ice-nucleating particles (INPs). INPs have numerous impacts on cloud radiative properties and precipitation development. Wildfires are potentially important sources of INPs, as indicated from previous measurements, but their abundance in the free troposphere has not been quantified. The Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen campaign sampled free tropospheric immersion-freezing INPs from smoke plumes near their source and downwind, along with widespread aged smoke. The results indicate an enhancement of INPs in smoke plumes relative to out-of-plume background air, but the magnitude of enhancement was both temperature and fire dependent. The majority of INPs were inferred to be predominately organic in composition with some contribution from biological sources at modest super cooling, and contributions from minerals at deeper super cooling. A fire involving primarily sagebrush shrub land and aspen forest fuels had the highest INP concentrations measured in the campaign, which is partially attributed to the INP characteristics of lofted, uncombusted plant material. Electron microscopy analysis of INPs also indicated tar balls present in this fire. Parameterization of the plume INP data on a per-unit-aerosol surface area basis confirmed that smoke is not an efficient source of INPs. Nevertheless, the high numbers of particles released from, and ubiquity of western US wildfires in summertime, regionally elevate INP concentrations in the free troposphere. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	biomass burning; ice nucleating particles; wildfire
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/185502
作者单位	Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Now at Handix Scientific, Boulder, CO, United States; NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, WA, United States; Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Now at Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Now at Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Barry K.R.,Hill T.C.J.,Levin E.J.T.,et al. Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles in the Free Troposphere From Western US Wildfires[J],2021,126(3).
APA	Barry K.R..,Hill T.C.J..,Levin E.J.T..,Twohy C.H..,Moore K.A..,...&DeMott P.J..(2021).Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles in the Free Troposphere From Western US Wildfires.Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,126(3).
MLA	Barry K.R.,et al."Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles in the Free Troposphere From Western US Wildfires".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126.3(2021).