气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Microclimates in Fumarole Ice Caves on Volcanic Edifices

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2020JD033565
	Microclimates in Fumarole Ice Caves on Volcanic Edifices—Mount Rainier, Washington, USA
	Florea L.J.; Pflitsch A.; Cartaya E.; Stenner C.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	2169897X
卷号	126 期号:4
英文摘要	The fumarole ice caves of Mount Rainier in the Cascade Volcanic Arc in Washington, USA, provide unique insight into the dynamic equilibrium between thermal flux of fumaroles on volcanic edifices and snow accumulation on summit glaciers. More than 3.5 km of surveyed cave passage nearly circumnavigate the East Crater, reaching within 19 m of the 4,392 m summit and extending to 144 m depth along the glacier-crater boundary. The large circum-crater passage connects entrances on the crater rim to steep transverse passages, and cave morphology is maintained by fumarole gas convection and advection. A melt- and condensate-formed lake, Lake Adélie, occupies a portion of the circum-crater passage. Hourly data were collected between August 2016 and August 2017 and included the measured temperatures at three fumaroles, the cave air temperature and pressure, the lake water temperature and depth, and the outside temperature and snow depth at Paradise Visitors Center. Time-series analyses of these data reveal complex associations between synoptic to seasonal weather, fumarole activity, and lake level. On seasonal and longer scales, fumarole temperatures follow independent pathways connected to spatial and temporal changes in volcanic heat flux and the circulation of glacial melt. Major snowfall seals the cave entrances, increasing cave air temperature and pressure from fumarole output and causing rising lake levels from increased melt until entrances reopen. Repeating freeze-thaw cycles observed in the cave monitoring data are a primary cause of crater mass wasting. Despite these transient variations, the scale and morphology of the caves is preserved over decadal or longer scales. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	cross correlation; glaciovolcanic caves; thermal flux; time-series analysis; wavelet analysis
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/185501
作者单位	Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Glacier Cave Explorers, Redmond, OR, United States; Alberta Speleological Society, Calgary, AB, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Florea L.J.,Pflitsch A.,Cartaya E.,等. Microclimates in Fumarole Ice Caves on Volcanic Edifices—Mount Rainier, Washington, USA[J],2021,126(4).
APA	Florea L.J.,Pflitsch A.,Cartaya E.,&Stenner C..(2021).Microclimates in Fumarole Ice Caves on Volcanic Edifices—Mount Rainier, Washington, USA.Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,126(4).
MLA	Florea L.J.,et al."Microclimates in Fumarole Ice Caves on Volcanic Edifices—Mount Rainier, Washington, USA".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126.4(2021).