气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, USA

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DOI	10.1130/B35063.1
	The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, USA
	Fiske R.S.; Rose T.R.; Swanson D.A.; Andrews B.J.; Nichols A.R.L.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	167606
起始页码	1537
结束页码	1554
卷号	131 期号:2021-09-10
英文摘要	Eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, USA, can be more powerful than previously recognized. The Kulanaokuaiki-3 (K- 3) eruption, ca. 900 CE, consisted of two episodes that dispersed lithic wall-rock clasts (Episode 1) and dominantly scoria (Episode 2; VEI-3) across > 65 km2 southeast of the summit. Dense 12 cm blocks of Episode 1 fell 8-10 km from the summit vent, and 2-4 cm lithic lapilli reached the coastline, 17 km from the vent. The Episode 2 deposit is chemically zoned, indicating orderly eruption from a layered magma body analogous to the 1959 Kilauea Iki lava lake. Olivinehosted melt inclusions suggest a magma body within 1 km of the surface. Some Episode 1 lithic clasts have magmatic rinds chemically similar to the early Episode 2 scoria, suggesting a genetic link, although each had a distinct eruption mechanism. Southeastward tephra dispersal counter to NE trade winds implies dispersal by jet-stream winds. The dispersal of lithic clasts in Episode 1 cannot be explained by ballistic trajectories or by transport in a buoyant plume. Calculations instead indicate that a jet from a vent with a minimum diameter of 50 m, a velocity of at least 300 m/s, and a duration of ~60 s could have lifted the lithic clasts into the jet stream. Isopach and isopleth maps for Episode 2 indicate a subplinian column height of 14-18 km and a duration of 2-3 h, assuming constant flux. The Episode 1 conduit probably intersected or otherwise lowered pressure within a compositionally zoned magma body, triggering eruption of the Episode 2 scoria. © 2019 Geological Society of America.
语种	英语
来源期刊	Bulletin of the Geological Society of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/184894
作者单位	Smithsonian Institution, Department of Mineral Sciences, MRC 119, Washington, DC 20004, United States; U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, PO Box 51, Hawai'i National Park, HI 96718, United States; Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fiske R.S.,Rose T.R.,Swanson D.A.,et al. The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, USA[J],2019,131(2021-09-10).
APA	Fiske R.S.,Rose T.R.,Swanson D.A.,Andrews B.J.,&Nichols A.R.L..(2019).The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, USA.Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,131(2021-09-10).
MLA	Fiske R.S.,et al."The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, USA".Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 131.2021-09-10(2019).