气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Freshwater salinization syndrome: from emerging global problem to managing risks

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DOI	10.1007/s10533-021-00784-w
	Freshwater salinization syndrome: from emerging global problem to managing risks
	Kaushal S.S.; Likens G.E.; Pace M.L.; Reimer J.E.; Maas C.M.; Galella J.G.; Utz R.M.; Duan S.; Kryger J.R.; Yaculak A.M.; Boger W.L.; Bailey N.W.; Haq S.; Wood K.L.; Wessel B.M.; Park C.E.; Collison D.C.; Aisin B.Y.I.; Gedeon T.M.; Chaudhary S.K.; Widmer J.; Blackwood C.R.; Bolster C.M.; Devilbiss M.L.; Garrison D.L.; Halevi S.; Kese G.Q.; Quach E.K.; Rogelio C.M.P.; Tan M.L.; Wald H.J.S.; Woglo S.A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1682563
起始页码	255
结束页码	292
卷号	154 期号:2
英文摘要	Freshwater salinization is an emerging global problem impacting safe drinking water, ecosystem health and biodiversity, infrastructure corrosion, and food production. Freshwater salinization originates from diverse anthropogenic and geologic sources including road salts, human-accelerated weathering, sewage, urban construction, fertilizer, mine drainage, resource extraction, water softeners, saltwater intrusion, and evaporative concentration of ions due to hydrologic alterations and climate change. The complex interrelationships between salt ions and chemical, biological, and geologic parameters and consequences on the natural, social, and built environment are called Freshwater Salinization Syndrome (FSS). Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of salinization issues (past, present, and future), and we investigate drivers and solutions. We analyze the expanding global magnitude and scope of FSS including its discovery in humid regions, connections to human-accelerated weathering and mobilization of ‘chemical cocktails.’ We also present data illustrating: (1) increasing trends in salt ion concentrations in some of the world’s major freshwaters, including critical drinking water supplies; (2) decreasing trends in nutrient concentrations in rivers due to regulations but increasing trends in salinization, which have been due to lack of adequate management and regulations; (3) regional trends in atmospheric deposition of salt ions and storage of salt ions in soils and groundwater, and (4) applications of specific conductance as a proxy for tracking sources and concentrations of groups of elements in freshwaters. We prioritize FSS research needs related to better understanding: (1) effects of saltwater intrusion on ecosystem processes, (2) potential health risks from groundwater contamination of home wells, (3) potential risks to clean and safe drinking water sources, (4) economic and safety impacts of infrastructure corrosion, (5) alteration of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, and (6) application of high-frequency sensors in state-of-the art monitoring and management. We evaluate management solutions using a watershed approach spanning air, land, and water to explore variations in sources, fate and transport of different salt ions (e.g. monitoring of atmospheric deposition of ions, stormwater management, groundwater remediation, and managing road runoff). We also identify tradeoffs in management approaches such as unanticipated retention and release of chemical cocktails from urban stormwater management best management practices (BMPs) and unintended consequences of alternative deicers on water quality. Overall, we show that FSS has direct and indirect effects on mobilization of diverse chemical cocktails of ions, metals, nutrients, organics, and radionuclides in freshwaters with mounting impacts. Our comprehensive review suggests what could happen if FSS were not managed into the future and evaluates strategies for reducing increasing risks to clean and safe drinking water, human health, costly infrastructure, biodiversity, and critical ecosystem services. © 2021, The Author(s).
英文关键词	Aquatic life; Corrosion; Emerging contaminants; Human health; Infrastructure; Nonpoint source pollution; Safe drinking water
语种	英语
来源期刊	Biogeochemistry
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/184589
作者单位	Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Cary Insitute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Chatham University, Gibsonia, PA, United States; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States; Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States; Environmental Science & Policy Program, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kaushal S.S.,Likens G.E.,Pace M.L.,et al. Freshwater salinization syndrome: from emerging global problem to managing risks[J],2021,154(2).
APA	Kaushal S.S..,Likens G.E..,Pace M.L..,Reimer J.E..,Maas C.M..,...&Woglo S.A..(2021).Freshwater salinization syndrome: from emerging global problem to managing risks.Biogeochemistry,154(2).
MLA	Kaushal S.S.,et al."Freshwater salinization syndrome: from emerging global problem to managing risks".Biogeochemistry 154.2(2021).