气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: Preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations

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DOI	10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021
	The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: Preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations
	Kageyama M.; Harrison S.P.; Kapsch M.-L.; Lofverstrom M.; Lora J.M.; Mikolajewicz U.; Sherriff-Tadano S.; Vadsaria T.; Abe-Ouchi A.; Bouttes N.; Chandan D.; Gregoire L.J.; Ivanovic R.F.; Izumi K.; Legrande A.N.; Lhardy F.; Lohmann G.; Morozova P.A.; Ohgaito R.; Paul A.; Richard Peltier W.; Poulsen C.J.; Quiquet A.; Roche D.M.; Shi X.; Tierney J.E.; Valdes P.J.; Volodin E.; Zhu J.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1814-9324
起始页码	1007
结束页码	1025
卷号	17 期号:3
英文摘要	The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼ 21 000 years ago) has been a major focus for evaluating how well state-of-the-art climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future using paleoclimate reconstructions. A new generation of climate models has been used to generate LGM simulations as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) contribution to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Here, we provide a preliminary analysis and evaluation of the results of these LGM experiments (PMIP4, most of which are PMIP4-CMIP6) and compare them with the previous generation of simulations (PMIP3, most of which are PMIP3-CMIP5). We show that the global averages of the PMIP4 simulations span a larger range in terms of mean annual surface air temperature and mean annual precipitation compared to the PMIP3-CMIP5 simulations, with some PMIP4 simulations reaching a globally colder and drier state. However, the multi-model global cooling average is similar for the PMIP4 and PMIP3 ensembles, while the multi-model PMIP4 mean annual precipitation average is drier than the PMIP3 one. There are important differences in both atmospheric and oceanic circulations between the two sets of experiments, with the northern and southern jet streams being more poleward and the changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation being less pronounced in the PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations than in the PMIP3-CMIP5 simulations. Changes in simulated precipitation patterns are influenced by both temperature and circulation changes. Differences in simulated climate between individual models remain large. Therefore, although there are differences in the average behaviour across the two ensembles, the new simulation results are not fundamentally different from the PMIP3-CMIP5 results. Evaluation of large-scale climate features, such as land-sea contrast and polar amplification, confirms that the models capture these well and within the uncertainty of the paleoclimate reconstructions. Nevertheless, regional climate changes are less well simulated: the models underestimate extratropical cooling, particularly in winter, and precipitation changes. These results point to the utility of using paleoclimate simulations to understand the mechanisms of climate change and evaluate model performance. © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
来源期刊	Climate of the Past
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/183572
作者单位	Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Umr CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France; School of Archaeology Geography and Environmental Science (SAGES), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146, Germany; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S1A7, Canada; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom; Nasa Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, United States; Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany; Institute of Geography, Russian Acade...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kageyama M.,Harrison S.P.,Kapsch M.-L.,et al. The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: Preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations[J],2021,17(3).
APA	Kageyama M..,Harrison S.P..,Kapsch M.-L..,Lofverstrom M..,Lora J.M..,...&Zhu J..(2021).The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: Preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations.Climate of the Past,17(3).
MLA	Kageyama M.,et al."The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: Preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations".Climate of the Past 17.3(2021).