气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/PNAS.2002548117
	Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity
	Raven P.H.; Wagner D.L.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:2
英文摘要	Major declines in insect biomass and diversity, reviewed here, have become obvious and well documented since the end of World War II. Here, we conclude that the spread and intensification of agriculture during the past half century is directly related to these losses. In addition, many areas, including tropical mountains, are suffering serious losses because of climate change as well. Crops currently occupy about 11% of the world's land surface, with active grazing taking place over an additional 30%. The industrialization of agriculture during the second half of the 20th century involved farming on greatly expanded scales, monoculturing, the application of increasing amounts of pesticides and fertilizers, and the elimination of interspersed hedgerows and other wildlife habitat fragments, all practices that are destructive to insect and other biodiversity in and near the fields. Some of the insects that we are destroying, including pollinators and predators of crop pests, are directly beneficial to the crops. In the tropics generally, natural vegetation is being destroyed rapidly and often replaced with export crops such as oil palm and soybeans. To mitigate the effects of the Sixth Mass Extinction event that we have caused and are experiencing now, the following will be necessary: a stable (and almost certainly lower) human population, sustainable levels of consumption, and social justice that empowers the less wealthy people and nations of the world, where the vast majority of us live, will be necessary. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Agriculture intensification; Biological extinction; Climate change; Insect loss; Sustainable agriculture
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/181105
作者单位	Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Raven P.H.,Wagner D.L.. Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity[J],2021,118(2).
APA	Raven P.H.,&Wagner D.L..(2021).Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(2).
MLA	Raven P.H.,et al."Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.2(2021).