气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The decline of mammal functional and evolutionary diversity worldwide

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.1921849118
	The decline of mammal functional and evolutionary diversity worldwide
	Brodie J.F.; Williams S.; Garner B.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:3
英文摘要	Biodiversity is declining worldwide. Because species interact with one another and with their environment, losses of particular organisms alter the function of ecosystems. Our understanding of the global rates and specific causes of functional decline remains limited, however. Species losses also reduce the cumulative amount of extant evolutionary history (“phylogenetic diversity” [PD]) in communities—our biodiversity heritage. Here we provide a global assessment of how each known anthropogenic threat is driving declines in functional diversity (FD) and PD, using terrestrial mammals as a case study. We find that habitat loss and harvest (e.g., legal hunting, poaching, snaring) are by far the biggest drivers of ongoing FD and PD loss. Declines in FD in high-biodiversity countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and South America, are greater than would be expected if species losses were random with respect to ecological function. Among functional guilds, herbivores are disproportionately likely to be declining from harvest, with important implications for plant communities and nutrient cycling. Frugivores are particularly likely to be declining from both harvest and habitat loss, with potential ramifications for seed dispersal and even forest carbon storage. Globally, phylogenetically unique species do not have an elevated risk of decline, but in areas such as Australia and parts of Southeast Asia, both habitat loss and harvest are biased toward phylogenetically unique species. Enhanced conservation efforts, including a renewed focus on harvest sustainability, are urgently needed to prevent the deterioration of ecosystem function, especially in the South American and equatorial Asian tropics. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Bushmeat hunting; Conservation; Habitat loss; Harvest; Phylogenetic diversity
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; Australia; biodiversity; carbon storage; deterioration; forest; frugivore; habitat; inheritance; mammal; nonhuman; nutrient cycling; plant community; seed dispersal; South America; Southeast Asia; tropics; wild meat
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180962
作者单位	Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Brodie J.F.,Williams S.,Garner B.. The decline of mammal functional and evolutionary diversity worldwide[J],2021,118(3).
APA	Brodie J.F.,Williams S.,&Garner B..(2021).The decline of mammal functional and evolutionary diversity worldwide.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(3).
MLA	Brodie J.F.,et al."The decline of mammal functional and evolutionary diversity worldwide".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.3(2021).