气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2010914118
	Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons
	Vollmer M.K.; Mühle J.; Henne S.; Young D.; Rigby M.; Mitrevski B.; Park S.; Lunder C.R.; Rhee T.S.; Harth C.M.; Hill M.; Langenfelds R.L.; Guillevic M.; Schlauri P.M.; Hermansen O.; Arduini J.; Wang R.H.J.; Salameh P.K.; Maione M.; Krummel P.B.; Reimann S.; O’Doherty S.; Simmonds P.G.; Fraser P.J.; Prinn R.G.; Weiss R.F.; Paul Steele L.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:5
英文摘要	Global and regional atmospheric measurements and modeling can play key roles in discovering and quantifying unexpected nascent emissions of environmentally important substances. We focus here on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that are restricted by the Montreal Protocol because of their roles in stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on measurements of archived air samples and on in situ measurements at stations of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network, we report global abundances, trends, and regional enhancements for HCFC-132b (CH2ClCClF2), which is newly discovered in the atmosphere, and updated results for HCFC-133a (CH2ClCF3) and HCFC-31 (CH2ClF). No purposeful end-use is known for any of these compounds. We find that HCFC-132b appeared in the atmosphere 20 y ago and that its global emissions increased to 1.1 Gg·y−1 by 2019. Regional top-down emission estimates for East Asia, based on high-frequency measurements for 2016–2019, account for ∼95% of the global HCFC-132b emissions and for ∼80% of the global HCFC-133a emissions of 2.3 Gg·y−1 during this period. Global emissions of HCFC-31 for the same period are 0.71 Gg·y−1. Small European emissions of HCFC-132b and HCFC-133a, found in southeastern France, ceased in early 2017 when a fluorocarbon production facility in that area closed. Although unreported emissive end-uses cannot be ruled out, all three compounds are most likely emitted as intermediate by-products in chemical production pathways. Identification of harmful emissions to the atmosphere at an early stage can guide the effective development of global and regional environmental policy. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Atmospheric composition; Montreal Protocol; Ozone depletion
语种	英语
scopus关键词	1,2 dichloro 1,1 difluoroethane; 2 chloro 1,1,1 trifluoroethane; chlorofluorohydrocarbon; chlorofluoromethane; unclassified drug; air sampling; Article; Asia; carbon footprint; controlled study; environmental policy; France; geographic distribution; industrialization; measurement; ozone depletion; priority journal; stratosphere
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180819
作者单位	Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San diego, CA 92093, United States; Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom; Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia; Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Monitoring and Instrumentation Technology Department, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, 2007, Norway; Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea; Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, 61029, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, Italy; School...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Vollmer M.K.,Mühle J.,Henne S.,et al. Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons[J],2021,118(5).
APA	Vollmer M.K..,Mühle J..,Henne S..,Young D..,Rigby M..,...&Paul Steele L..(2021).Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(5).
MLA	Vollmer M.K.,et al."Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.5(2021).