气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Human casualties are the dominant cost of human

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1921338118
	Human casualties are the dominant cost of human–wildlife conflict in India
	Gulati S.; Karanth K.K.; Le N.A.; Noack F.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:8
英文摘要	Reducing the costs from human–wildlife conflict, mostly borne by marginal rural households, is a priority for conservation. We estimate the mean species-specific cost for households suffering damages from one of 15 major species of wildlife in India. Our data are from a survey of 5,196 households living near 11 wildlife reserves in India, and self-reported annual costs include crop and livestock losses and human casualties (injuries and death). By employing conservative estimates from the literature on the value of a statistical life (VSL), we find that costs from human casualties overwhelm crop and livestock damages for all species associated with fatalities. Farmers experiencing a negative interaction with an elephant over the last year incur damages on average that are 600 and 900 times those incurred by farmers with negative interactions with the next most costly herbivores: the pig and the nilgai. Similarly, farmers experiencing a negative interaction with a tiger over the last year incur damage that is on average 3 times that inflicted by a leopard and 100 times that from a wolf. These cost differences are largely driven by differences in the incidence of human death and casualties. Our estimate of costs fluctuates across reserves, mostly due to a variation of human casualties. Understanding the drivers of human casualties and reducing their incidence are crucial to reducing the costs from human–wildlife conflict. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Conservation; Human casualties; Human–wildlife conflict; Megafauna; Protected areas
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180523
作者单位	Wildlife and Conservation Economics Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560042, India; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gulati S.,Karanth K.K.,Le N.A.,等. Human casualties are the dominant cost of human–wildlife conflict in India[J],2021,118(8).
APA	Gulati S.,Karanth K.K.,Le N.A.,&Noack F..(2021).Human casualties are the dominant cost of human–wildlife conflict in India.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(8).
MLA	Gulati S.,et al."Human casualties are the dominant cost of human–wildlife conflict in India".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.8(2021).