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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2020909118
	Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics
	Ioannidis J.; Taylor G.; Zhao D.; Liu L.; Idoko-Akoh A.; Gong D.; Lovell-Badge R.; Guioli S.; McGrew M.J.; Clinton M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:10
英文摘要	In birds, males are the homogametic sex (ZZ) and females the heterogametic sex (ZW). Primary sex determination is thought to depend on a sex chromosome gene dosage mechanism, and the most likely sex determinant is the Z chromosome gene Doublesex and Mab-3–Related Transcription factor 1 (DMRT1). To clarify this issue, we used a CRISPR-Cas9–based monoallelic targeting approach and sterile surrogate hosts to generate birds with targeted mutations in the DMRT1 gene. The resulting chromosomally male (ZZ) chicken with a single functional copy of DMRT1 developed ovaries in place of testes, demonstrating the avian sex-determining mechanism is based on DMRT1 dosage. These ZZ ovaries expressed typical female markers and showed clear evidence of follicular development. However, these ZZ adult birds with an ovary in place of testes were indistinguishable in appearance to wild-type adult males, supporting the concept of cell-autonomous sex identity (CASI) in birds. In experiments where estrogen synthesis was blocked in control ZW embryos, the resulting gonads developed as testes. In contrast, if estrogen synthesis was blocked in ZW embryos that lacked DMRT1, the gonads invariably adopted an ovarian fate. Our analysis shows that DMRT1 is the key sex determination switch in birds and that it is essential for testis development, but that production of estrogen is also a key factor in primary sex determination in chickens, and that this production is linked to DMRT1 expression. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Chicken embryo; Gonadal development; Ovary differentiation; Sex determination; Testis differentiation
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180341
作者单位	Division of Functional Genomics and Development, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ioannidis J.,Taylor G.,Zhao D.,et al. Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics[J],2021,118(10).
APA	Ioannidis J..,Taylor G..,Zhao D..,Liu L..,Idoko-Akoh A..,...&Clinton M..(2021).Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(10).
MLA	Ioannidis J.,et al."Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.10(2021).