气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter-urchin trophic cascade

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2012493118
	Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter-urchin trophic cascade
	Smith J.G.; Tomoleoni J.; Staedler M.; Lyon S.; Fujii J.; Tinker M.T.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:11
英文摘要	Consumer and predator foraging behavior can impart profound trait-mediated constraints on community regulation that scale up to influence the structure and stability of ecosystems. Here, we demonstrate how the behavioral response of an apex predator to changes in prey behavior and condition can dramatically alter the role and relative contribution of top-down forcing, depending on the spatial organization of ecosystem states. In 2014, a rapid and dramatic decline in the abundance of a mesopredator (Pycnopodia helianthoides) and primary producer (Macrocystis pyrifera) coincided with a fundamental change in purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) foraging behavior and condition, resulting in a spatial mosaic of kelp forests interspersed with patches of sea urchin barrens. We show that this mosaic of adjacent alternative ecosystem states led to an increase in the number of sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) specializing on urchin prey, a populationlevel increase in urchin consumption, and an increase in sea otter survivorship. We further show that the spatial distribution of sea otter foraging efforts for urchin prey was not directly linked to high prey density but rather was predicted by the distribution of energetically profitable prey. Therefore, we infer that spatially explicit sea otter foraging enhances the resistance of remnant forests to overgrazing but does not directly contribute to the resilience (recovery) of forests. These results highlight the role of consumer and predator trait-mediated responses to resource mosaics that are common throughout natural ecosystems and enhance understanding of reciprocal feedbacks between top-down and bottomup forcing on the regional stability of ecosystems. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Community regulation; Ecosystem functioning; Species interactions; Stability; Trophic cascade
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; consumer; Enhydra lutris; foraging behavior; forest; human; Macrocystis pyrifera; nonhuman; overgrazing; predator; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; survivorship; trophic cascade
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180303
作者单位	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Santa Cruz Field Station, Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Department of Conservation Research, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Smith J.G.,Tomoleoni J.,Staedler M.,et al. Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter-urchin trophic cascade[J],2021,118(11).
APA	Smith J.G.,Tomoleoni J.,Staedler M.,Lyon S.,Fujii J.,&Tinker M.T..(2021).Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter-urchin trophic cascade.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(11).
MLA	Smith J.G.,et al."Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter-urchin trophic cascade".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.11(2021).