气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2017144118
	Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees
	Sabbi K.H.; Thompson M.E.; Machanda Z.P.; Otali E.; Wrangham R.W.; Muller M.N.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:12
英文摘要	Sex differences in physical aggression occur across human cultures and are thought to be influenced by active sex role reinforcement. However, sex differences in aggression also exist in our close evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees, who do not engage in active teaching, but do exhibit long juvenile periods and complex social systems that allow differential experience to shape behavior. Here we ask whether early life exposure to aggression is sexually dimorphic in wild chimpanzees and, if so, whether other aspects of early sociality contribute to this difference. Using 13 y of all-occurrence aggression data collected from the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees (2005 to 2017), we determined that young male chimpanzees were victims of aggression more often than females by between 4 and 5 (i.e., early in juvenility). Combining long-term aggression data with data from a targeted study of social development (2015 to 2017), we found that two potential risk factors for aggression—time spent near adult males and time spent away from mothers—did not differ between young males and females. Instead, the major risk factor for receiving aggression was the amount of aggression that young chimpanzees displayed, which was higher for males than females throughout the juvenile period. In multivariate models, sex did not mediate this relationship, suggesting that other chimpanzees did not target young males specifically, but instead responded to individual behavior that differed by sex. Thus, social experience differed by sex even in the absence of explicit gender socialization, but experiential differences were shaped by early-emerging sex differences in behavior. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Aggressive development \| social development \| fission–fusion \| early social experience \| exposure to aggression
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adolescent; adult; aggression; article; chimpanzee; female; human; juvenile; male; mother; nonhuman; risk factor; sex difference; social evolution; socialization; victim
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180157
作者单位	Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 87131, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sabbi K.H.,Thompson M.E.,Machanda Z.P.,et al. Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees[J],2021,118(12).
APA	Sabbi K.H.,Thompson M.E.,Machanda Z.P.,Otali E.,Wrangham R.W.,&Muller M.N..(2021).Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(12).
MLA	Sabbi K.H.,et al."Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.12(2021).