气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2021528118
	On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions
	Wang P.; Scott J.R.; Solomon S.; Marshall J.; Babbin A.R.; Lickley M.; Thompson D.W.J.; DeVries T.; Liang Q.; Prinn R.G.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:12
英文摘要	The ocean is a reservoir for CFC-11, a major ozone-depleting chemical. Anthropogenic production of CFC-11 dramatically decreased in the 1990s under the Montreal Protocol, which stipulated a global phase out of production by 2010. However, studies raise questions about current overall emission levels and indicate unexpected increases of CFC-11 emissions of about 10 Gg · yr−1 after 2013 (based upon measured atmospheric concentrations and an assumed atmospheric lifetime). These findings heighten the need to understand processes that could affect the CFC-11 lifetime, including ocean fluxes. We evaluate how ocean uptake and release through 2300 affects CFC-11 lifetimes, emission estimates, and the long-term return of CFC-11 from the ocean reservoir. We show that ocean uptake yields a shorter total lifetime and larger inferred emission of atmospheric CFC-11 from 1930 to 2075 compared to estimates using only atmospheric processes. Ocean flux changes over time result in small but not completely negligible effects on the calculated unexpected emissions change (decreasing it by 0.4 ± 0.3 Gg · yr−1). Moreover, it is expected that the ocean will eventually become a source of CFC-11, increasing its total lifetime thereafter. Ocean outgassing should produce detectable increases in global atmospheric CFC-11 abundances by the mid-2100s, with emission of around 0.5 Gg · yr−1; this should not be confused with illicit production at that time. An illustrative model projection suggests that climate change is expected to make the ocean a weaker reservoir for CFC-11, advancing the detectable change in the global atmospheric mixing ratio by about 5 yr. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	CFC-11 \| air–sea flux \| lifetime estimates \| emission estimates
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180135
作者单位	Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang P.,Scott J.R.,Solomon S.,et al. On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions[J],2021,118(12).
APA	Wang P..,Scott J.R..,Solomon S..,Marshall J..,Babbin A.R..,...&Prinn R.G..(2021).On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(12).
MLA	Wang P.,et al."On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.12(2021).