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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2024463118
	Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds
	Agrawal A.A.; Böröczky K.; Haribal M.; Hastings A.P.; White R.A.; Jiang R.-W.; Duplais C.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:16
英文摘要	For highly specialized insect herbivores, plant chemical defenses are often co-opted as cues for oviposition and sequestration. In such interactions, can plants evolve novel defenses, pushing herbivores to trade off benefits of specialization with costs of coping with toxins? We tested how variation in milkweed toxins (cardenolides) impacted monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) growth, sequestration, and oviposition when consuming tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), one of two critical host plants worldwide. The most abundant leaf toxin, highly apolar and thiazolidine ring-containing voruscharin, accounted for 40% of leaf cardenolides, negatively predicted caterpillar growth, and was not sequestered. Using whole plants and purified voruscharin, we show that monarch caterpillars convert voruscharin to calotropin and calactin in vivo, imposing a burden on growth. As shown by in vitro experiments, this conversion is facilitated by temperature and alkaline pH. We next employed toxin-target site experiments with isolated cardenolides and the monarch's neural Na+/K+-ATPase, revealing that voruscharin is highly inhibitory compared with several standards and sequestered cardenolides. The monarch's typical >50-fold enhanced resistance to cardenolides compared with sensitive animals was absent for voruscharin, suggesting highly specific plant defense. Finally, oviposition was greatest on intermediate cardenolide plants, supporting the notion of a trade-off between benefits and costs of sequestration for this highly specialized herbivore. There is apparently ample opportunity for continued coevolution between monarchs and milkweeds, although the diffuse nature of the interaction, due to migration and interaction with multiple milkweeds, may limit the ability of monarchs to counteradapt. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Chemical ecology; Coevolution; Milkweeds Asclepias; Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus); Plant-insect interactions
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179841
作者单位	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; CNRS, UMR8172 Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, 97379, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Agrawal A.A.,Böröczky K.,Haribal M.,et al. Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds[J],2021,118(16).
APA	Agrawal A.A..,Böröczky K..,Haribal M..,Hastings A.P..,White R.A..,...&Duplais C..(2021).Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(16).
MLA	Agrawal A.A.,et al."Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.16(2021).