气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The cumulative risk of jail incarceration

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2023429118
	The cumulative risk of jail incarceration
	Western B.; Davis J.; Ganter F.; Smith N.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:16
英文摘要	Research on incarceration has focused on prisons, but jail detention is far more common than imprisonment. Jails are local institutions that detain people before trial or incarcerate them for short sentences for low-level offenses. Research from the 1970s and 1980s viewed jails as “managing the rabble,” a small and deeply disadvantaged segment of urban populations that struggled with problems of addiction, mental illness, and homelessness. The 1990s and 2000s marked a period of mass criminalization in which new styles of policing and court processing produced large numbers of criminal cases for minor crimes, concentrated in low-income communities of color. In a period of widespread criminal justice contact for minor offenses, how common is jail incarceration for minority men, particularly in poor neighborhoods? We estimate cumulative risks of jail incarceration with an administrative data file that records all jail admissions and discharges in New York City from 2008 to 2017. Although New York has a low jail incarceration rate, we find that 26.8% of Black men and 16.2% of Latino men, in contrast to only 3% of White men, in New York have been jailed by age 38 y. We also find evidence of high rates of repeated incarceration among Black men and high incarceration risks in high-poverty neighborhoods. Despite the jail's great reach in New York, we also find that the incarcerated population declined in the study period, producing a large reduction in the prevalence of jail incarceration for Black and Latino men. © This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
英文关键词	Incarceration; Poverty; Race
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adult; article; court; criminal justice; Hispanic; human; human experiment; incarceration; lowest income group; male; misdemeanor; neighborhood; New York; poverty; prevalence; prisoner; race; risk assessment
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179824
作者单位	Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States; Department of Political Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States; Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Western B.,Davis J.,Ganter F.,et al. The cumulative risk of jail incarceration[J],2021,118(16).
APA	Western B.,Davis J.,Ganter F.,&Smith N..(2021).The cumulative risk of jail incarceration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(16).
MLA	Western B.,et al."The cumulative risk of jail incarceration".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.16(2021).