气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2018995118
	A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19
	Bazant M.Z.; Bush J.W.M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:17
英文摘要	The current revival of the American economy is being predicated on social distancing, specifically the Six-Foot Rule, a guideline that offers little protection from pathogen-bearing aerosol droplets sufficiently small to be continuously mixed through an indoor space. The importance of airborne transmission of COVID-19 is now widely recognized. While tools for risk assessment have recently been developed, no safety guideline has been proposed to protect against it. We here build on models of airborne disease transmission in order to derive an indoor safety guideline that would impose an upper bound on the “cumulative exposure time,” the product of the number of occupants and their time in an enclosed space. We demonstrate how this bound depends on the rates of ventilation and air filtration, dimensions of the room, breathing rate, respiratory activity and face mask use of its occupants, and infectiousness of the respiratory aerosols. By synthesizing available data from the best-characterized indoor spreading events with respiratory drop size distributions, we estimate an infectious dose on the order of 10 aerosol-borne virions. The new virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) is thus inferred to be an order of magnitude more infectious than its forerunner (SARS-CoV), consistent with the pandemic status achieved by COVID-19. Case studies are presented for classrooms and nursing homes, and a spreadsheet and online app are provided to facilitate use of our guideline. Implications for contact tracing and quarantining are considered, and appropriate caveats enumerated. Particular consideration is given to respiratory jets, which may substantially elevate risk when face masks are not worn. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Airborne transmission; COVID-19; Indoor safety guideline; Infectious aerosol; SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179780
作者单位	Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bazant M.Z.,Bush J.W.M.. A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19[J],2021,118(17).
APA	Bazant M.Z.,&Bush J.W.M..(2021).A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(17).
MLA	Bazant M.Z.,et al."A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.17(2021).