气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2023483118
	People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years
	Ellis E.C.; Gauthier N.; Goldewijk K.K.; Bird R.B.; Boivin N.; Díaz S.; Fuller D.Q.; Gill J.L.; Kaplan J.O.; Kingston N.; Locke H.; McMichael C.N.H.; Ranco D.; Rick T.C.; Rebecca Shaw M.; Stephens L.; Svenning J.-C.; Watson J.E.M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:17
英文摘要	Archaeological and paleoecological evidence shows that by 10,000 BCE, all human societies employed varying degrees of ecologically transformative land use practices, including burning, hunting, species propagation, domestication, cultivation, and others that have left long-term legacies across the terrestrial biosphere. Yet, a lingering paradigm among natural scientists, conservationists, and policymakers is that human transformation of terrestrial nature is mostly recent and inherently destructive. Here, we use the most up-to-date, spatially explicit global reconstruction of historical human populations and land use to show that this paradigm is likely wrong. Even 12,000 y ago, nearly three quarters of Earth’s land was inhabited and therefore shaped by human societies, including more than 95% of temperate and 90% of tropical woodlands. Lands now characterized as “natural,” “intact,” and “wild” generally exhibit long histories of use, as do protected areas and Indigenous lands, and current global patterns of vertebrate species richness and key biodiversity areas are more strongly associated with past patterns of land use than with present ones in regional landscapes now characterized as natural. The current biodiversity crisis can seldom be explained by the loss of uninhabited wildlands, resulting instead from the appropriation, colonization, and intensifying use of the biodiverse cultural landscapes long shaped and sustained by prior societies. Recognizing this deep cultural connection with biodiversity will therefore be essential to resolve the crisis. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Agriculture; Anthropocene; Conservation; Extinction; Hunter-gatherer
语种	英语
scopus关键词	agriculture; article; biodiversity; forest; human; hunter-gatherer; land use; nonhuman; organization; species richness; vertebrate
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179779
作者单位	Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States; School of Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; PBL The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, 2594 AV, Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CB, Netherlands; Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, United States; Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany; School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ellis E.C.,Gauthier N.,Goldewijk K.K.,et al. People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years[J],2021,118(17).
APA	Ellis E.C..,Gauthier N..,Goldewijk K.K..,Bird R.B..,Boivin N..,...&Watson J.E.M..(2021).People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(17).
MLA	Ellis E.C.,et al."People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.17(2021).