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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2017045118
	Evidence from South Africa for a protracted end-Permian extinction on land
	Viglietti P.A.; Benson R.B.J.; Smith R.M.H.; Botha J.; Kammerer C.F.; Skosan Z.; Butler E.; Crean A.; Eloff B.; Kaal S.; Mohoi J.; Molehe W.; Mtalana N.; Mtungata S.; Ntheri N.; Ntsala T.; Nyaphuli J.; October P.; Skinner G.; Strong M.; Stummer H.; Wolvaardt F.P.; Angielczyk K.D.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:17
英文摘要	Earth’s largest biotic crisis occurred during the Permo–Triassic Transition (PTT). On land, this event witnessed a turnover from synapsid- to archosauromorph-dominated assemblages and a restructuring of terrestrial ecosystems. However, understanding extinction patterns has been limited by a lack of high-precision fossil occurrence data to resolve events on submillion-year timescales. We analyzed a unique database of 588 fossil tetrapod specimens from South Africa’s Karoo Basin, spanning ∼4 My, and 13 stratigraphic bin intervals averaging 300,000 y each. Using sample-standardized methods, we characterized faunal assemblage dynamics during the PTT. High regional extinction rates occurred through a protracted interval of ∼1 Ma, initially co-occurring with low origination rates. This resulted in declining diversity up to the acme of extinction near the Daptocephalus–Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone boundary. Regional origination rates increased abruptly above this boundary, co-occurring with high extinction rates to drive rapid turnover and an assemblage of short-lived species symptomatic of ecosystem instability. The “disaster taxon” Lystrosaurus shows a long-term trend of increasing abundance initiated in the latest Permian. Lystrosaurus comprised 54% of all specimens by the onset of mass extinction and 70% in the extinction aftermath. This early Lystrosaurus abundance suggests its expansion was facilitated by environmental changes rather than by ecological opportunity following the extinctions of other species as commonly assumed for disaster taxa. Our findings conservatively place the Karoo extinction interval closer in time, but not coeval with, the more rapid marine event and reveal key differences between the PTT extinctions on land and in the oceans. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Diversity dynamics; Karoo Basin; Lystrosaurus; Mass extinction; Permo-Triassic
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; averaging; disaster; ecosystem; end Permian mass extinction; environmental change; fossil; nonhuman; sea; South Africa; taxon; tetrapod; turnover rate
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179726
作者单位	Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, United Kingdom; Karoo Palaeontology, Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Karoo Palaeontology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Viglietti P.A.,Benson R.B.J.,Smith R.M.H.,et al. Evidence from South Africa for a protracted end-Permian extinction on land[J],2021,118(17).
APA	Viglietti P.A..,Benson R.B.J..,Smith R.M.H..,Botha J..,Kammerer C.F..,...&Angielczyk K.D..(2021).Evidence from South Africa for a protracted end-Permian extinction on land.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(17).
MLA	Viglietti P.A.,et al."Evidence from South Africa for a protracted end-Permian extinction on land".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.17(2021).