气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia

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DOI	10.1073/PNAS.2009553117
	A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia
	Toonen W.H.J.; Macklin M.G.; Dawkes G.; Durcan J.A.; Leman M.; Nikolayev Y.; Yegorov A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
起始页码	32982
结束页码	32988
卷号	117 期号:52
英文摘要	The Aral Sea basin in Central Asia and its major rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, were the center of advanced river civilizations, and a principal hub of the Silk Roads over a period of more than 2,000 y. The region’s decline has been traditionally attributed to the devastating Mongol invasion of the early-13th century CE. However, the role of changing hydroclimatic conditions on the development of these culturally influential potamic societies has not been the subject of modern geoarchaeological investigations. In this paper we report the findings of an interdisciplinary investigation of archaeological sites and associated irrigation canals of the Otrar oasis, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage site located at the confluence of the Syr Darya and Arys rivers in southern Kazakhstan. This includes radiometric dating of irrigation canal abandonment and an investigation of Arys river channel dynamics. Major phases of fluvial aggradation, between the seventh and early ninth century CE and between 1350 and 1550 CE coincide with economic flourishing of the oasis, facilitated by wet climatic conditions and higher river flows that favored floodwater farming. Periods of abandonment of the irrigation network and cultural decline primarily correlate with fluvial entrenchment during periods of drought, instead of being related to destructive invasions. Therefore, it seems the great rivers of Central Asia were not just static “stage sets” for some of the turning points of world history, but in many instances, inadvertently or directly shaped the final outcomes and legacies of imperial ambitions in the region. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Floodwater farming; Fluvial geomorphology; OSL dating; Otrar; Syr Darya
语种	英语
scopus关键词	agricultural worker; article; civilization; climate; drought; geomorphology; human; inheritance; interdisciplinary research; Kazakhstan; radiometric dating; river; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179651
作者单位	Earth and Climate Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands; Egyptology Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; School of Geography and Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of LincolnLN6 7DW, United Kingdom; Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand; Centre for the Study of the Inland, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Commerce, La Trobe University, DMBE 116, Melbourne (Bundoora), Australia; Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Joint Stock Company Institute of Geography and Water Safety, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Toonen W.H.J.,Macklin M.G.,Dawkes G.,et al. A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia[J],2021,117(52).
APA	Toonen W.H.J..,Macklin M.G..,Dawkes G..,Durcan J.A..,Leman M..,...&Yegorov A..(2021).A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(52).
MLA	Toonen W.H.J.,et al."A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.52(2021).