气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: Comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques

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DOI	10.1016/j.rse.2019.111487
	Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: Comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques
	Bandini F.; Sunding T.P.; Linde J.; Smith O.; Jensen I.K.; Köppl C.J.; Butts M.; Bauer-Gottwein P.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	00344257
卷号	237
英文摘要	Water Surface Elevation (WSE) is an important hydrometric observation, useful to calibrate hydrological models, predict floods, and assess climate change. However, the number of in-situ gauging stations is in decline worldwide. Satellite altimetry, including the recently launched satellite missions (e.g. the radar altimetry missions Cryosat 2, Jason 3, Sentinel 3A/B and the LIDAR mission ICESat-2), can determine WSE only in rivers which are more than ca. 100 m wide. WSE measurements in small streams currently remain limited to the few existing in-situ stations or to time-consuming in-situ surveys. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) can acquire real-time WSE observations during periods of hydrological interest (but with flight limitations in extreme weather conditions), within short survey times and with automatic or semi-automatic flight operations. UAS-borne photogrammetry is a well-known technique that can estimate land elevation with an accuracy as high as a few cm, similarly UAS-borne LIDAR can estimate land elevation but without requiring Ground Control Points (GCPs). However, both techniques face limitations in estimating WSE: water transparency and lack of stable visual key points on the Water Surface (WS) complicate the UAS-borne photogrammetric estimates of WSE, while the LIDAR reflection from the water surface is generally not strong enough to be captured by most of the UAS-borne LIDAR systems currently available on the market. Thus, LIDAR and photogrammetry generally require extraction of the elevation of the “water-edge” points, i.e. points at the interface between land and water, for identifying the WSE. We demonstrate highly accurate WSE observations with a new radar altimetry solution, which comprises a 77 GHz radar chip with full waveform analysis and an accurate dual frequency differential Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) system. The radar altimetry solution shows the lowest standard deviation (σ) and RMSE on WSE estimates, ca. 1.5 cm and ca. 3 cm respectively, whilst photogrammetry and LIDAR show a σ and an RMSE at decimetre level. Radar altimetry also requires a significantly shorter survey and processing time compared to LIDAR and especially to photogrammetry. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
英文关键词	LIDAR; Photogrammetry; Radar; UAS; Water level; Water surface elevation
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Antennas; Climate change; Climate models; Global positioning system; Photogrammetry; Radar; Real time systems; Rivers; Rock mechanics; Satellites; Space-based radar; Surveys; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Water levels; Differential global navigation satellite systems; Extreme weather conditions; Full waveform analysis; Ground control points; Hydrological models; Satellite altimetry; Unmanned aerial systems; Water surface elevations; Optical radar; elevation; GNSS; Jason; lidar; photogrammetry; radar altimetry; Sentinel; stream channel; surface water; transparency; unmanned vehicle; waveform analysis
来源期刊	Remote Sensing of Environment
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/179532
作者单位	Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygning 115, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; DTU Space, National Space Institute, Elektrovej, Building 328, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; Orbicon, A/S, Høje-Taastrup, Linnés Allé 2, Taastrup, 2630, Denmark; Water Resources Department, DHI, Hoersholm, 2970, Denmark
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bandini F.,Sunding T.P.,Linde J.,et al. Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: Comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques[J],2020,237.
APA	Bandini F..,Sunding T.P..,Linde J..,Smith O..,Jensen I.K..,...&Bauer-Gottwein P..(2020).Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: Comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques.Remote Sensing of Environment,237.
MLA	Bandini F.,et al."Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: Comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques".Remote Sensing of Environment 237(2020).