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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0108.1
	Fixed anvil temperature feedback: Positive, zero, or negative?
	Yoshimori M.; Hugo Lambert F.; Webb M.J.; Andrews T.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	08948755
起始页码	2719
结束页码	2739
卷号	33 期号:7
英文摘要	The fixed anvil temperature (FAT) theory describes a mechanism for how tropical anvil clouds respond to global warming and has been used to argue for a robust positive longwave cloud feedback. A constant cloud anvil temperature, due to increased anvil altitude, has been argued to lead to a ''zero cloud emission change'' feedback, which can be considered positive relative to the negative feedback associated with cloud anvil warming when cloud altitude is unchanged. Here, partial radiative perturbation (PRP) analysis is used to quantify the radiative feedback caused by clouds that follow the FAT theory (FAT-cloud feedback) and to set this in the context of other feedback components in two atmospheric general circulation models. The FAT-cloud feedback is positive in the PRP framework due to increasing anvil altitude, but because the cloud emission does not change, this positive feedback is cancelled by an equal and opposite component of the temperature feedback due to increasing emission from the cloud. To incorporate this cancellation, the thermal radiative damping with fixed relative humidity and anvil temperature (T-FRAT) decomposition framework is proposed for longwave feedbacks, in which temperature, fixed relative humidity, and FAT-cloud feedbacks are combined. In T-FRAT, the cloud feedback under the FAT constraint is zero, while that under the proportionately higher anvil temperature (PHAT) constraint is negative. The change in the observable cloud radiative effect with FAT-cloud response is also evaluated and shown to be negative due to so-called cloud masking effects. It is shown that ''cloud masking'' is a misleading term in this context, and these effects are interpreted more generally as ''cloud climatology effects''. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Atmospheric humidity; Global warming; Atmospheric general circulation models; Cloud altitudes; Cloud climatology; Cloud radiative effects; Emission change; Radiative damping; Radiative perturbation; Temperature feedback; Feedback; atmospheric general circulation model; climate effect; climate feedback; cloud microphysics; cloud radiative forcing; decomposition analysis; global warming; longwave radiation; theoretical study; tropical meteorology
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/178735
作者单位	Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yoshimori M.,Hugo Lambert F.,Webb M.J.,et al. Fixed anvil temperature feedback: Positive, zero, or negative?[J],2020,33(7).
APA	Yoshimori M.,Hugo Lambert F.,Webb M.J.,&Andrews T..(2020).Fixed anvil temperature feedback: Positive, zero, or negative?.Journal of Climate,33(7).
MLA	Yoshimori M.,et al."Fixed anvil temperature feedback: Positive, zero, or negative?".Journal of Climate 33.7(2020).