气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of lightning, large hail, severe wind, and tornadoes

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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0345.1
	Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of lightning, large hail, severe wind, and tornadoes
	Taszarek M.; Allen J.T.; Groenemeijer P.; Edwards R.; Brooks H.E.; Chmielewski V.; Enno S.-E.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	08948755
起始页码	10239
结束页码	10261
卷号	33 期号:23
英文摘要	As lightning-detection records lengthen and the efficiency of severe weather reporting increases, more accurate climatologies of convective hazards can be constructed. In this study we aggregate flashes from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and Arrival Time Difference long-range lightning detection network (ATDnet) with severe weather reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) Storm Data on a common grid of 0.258 and 1-h steps. Each year approximately 75–200 thunderstorm hours occur over the southwestern, central, and eastern United States, with a peak over Florida (200–250 h). The activity over the majority of Europe ranges from 15 to 100 h, with peaks over Italy and mountains (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Dinaric Alps; 100–150 h). The highest convective activity over continental Europe occurs during summer and over the Mediterranean during autumn. The United States peak for tornadoes and large hail reports is in spring, preceding the maximum of lightning and severe wind reports by 1–2 months. Convective hazards occur typically in the late afternoon, with the exception of the Midwest and Great Plains, where mesoscale convective systems shift the peak lightning threat to the night. The severe wind threat is delayed by 1–2 h compared to hail and tornadoes. The fraction of nocturnal lightning over land ranges from 15% to 30% with the lowest values observed over Florida and mountains (;10%). Wintertime lightning shares the highest fraction of severe weather. Compared to Europe, extreme events are considerably more frequent over the United States, with maximum activity over the Great Plains. However, the threat over Europe should not be underestimated, as severe weather outbreaks with damaging winds, very large hail, and significant tornadoes occasionally occur over densely populated areas. © 2020 American Meteorological Society
英文关键词	Climatology; Convective storms; Hail; Lightning; Seasonal cycle; Tornadoes
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climatology; Hazards; Landforms; Precipitation (meteorology); Storms; Tornadoes; Arrival time; Convective activity; Convective storms; Damaging wind; Extreme events; Lightning detection; Mesoscale Convective System; Severe weather; Lightning; atmospheric convection; climatology; detection method; hail; lightning; seasonal variation; storm; tornado; wind velocity; Europe; United States; Florida
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/178714
作者单位	Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, United States; Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; European Severe Storms Laboratory–Science and Training, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; European Severe Storms Laboratory, Wessling, Germany; National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center, Norman, OK, United States; School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Taszarek M.,Allen J.T.,Groenemeijer P.,et al. Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of lightning, large hail, severe wind, and tornadoes[J],2020,33(23).
APA	Taszarek M..,Allen J.T..,Groenemeijer P..,Edwards R..,Brooks H.E..,...&Enno S.-E..(2020).Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of lightning, large hail, severe wind, and tornadoes.Journal of Climate,33(23).
MLA	Taszarek M.,et al."Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of lightning, large hail, severe wind, and tornadoes".Journal of Climate 33.23(2020).