气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Southern ocean heat storage, reemergence, and winter sea ice decline induced by summertime winds

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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0322.1
	Southern ocean heat storage, reemergence, and winter sea ice decline induced by summertime winds
	Doddridge E.W.; Marshall J.; Song H.; Campin J.-M.; Kelley M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	08948755
起始页码	1403
结束页码	1415
卷号	34 期号:4
英文摘要	The observational record shows a substantial 40-yr upward trend in summertime westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, as characterized by the southern annular mode (SAM) index. Enhanced summertime westerly winds have been linked to cold summertime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Previous studies have suggested that Ekman transport or upwelling is responsible for this seasonal cooling. Here, another process is presented in which enhanced vertical mixing, driven by summertime wind anomalies, moves heat downward, cooling the sea surface and simultaneously warming the subsurface waters. The anomalously cold SSTs draw heat from the atmosphere into the ocean, leading to increased depth-integrated ocean heat content. The subsurface heat is returned to the surface mixed layer during the autumn and winter as the mixed layer deepens, leading to anomalously warm SSTs and potentially reducing sea ice cover. Observational analyses and numerical experiments support our proposed mechanism, showing that enhanced vertical mixing produces subsurface warming and cools the surface mixed layer. Nevertheless, the dominant driver of surface cooling remains uncertain; the relative importance of advective and mixing contributions to the surface cooling is model dependent. Modeling results suggest that sea ice volume is more sensitive to summertime winds than sea ice extent, implying that enhanced summertime westerly winds may lead to thinner sea ice in the following winter, if not lesser ice extent. Thus, strong summertime winds could precondition the sea ice cover for a rapid retreat in the following melt season. Ó 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy
英文关键词	Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Mixing; Oceanic mixed layer; Sea ice; Sea surface temperature; Southern Ocean
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Cooling; Heat storage; Mixing; Sea ice; Surface waters; Wind; American meteorological societies; Copyright informations; Numerical experiments; Observational analysis; Ocean heat content; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Southern Annular Mode; Surface mixed layers; Oceanography; ice cover; sea ice; sea surface temperature; seasonal variation; trend analysis; vertical mixing; westerly; Southern Ocean
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/178632
作者单位	Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Doddridge E.W.,Marshall J.,Song H.,et al. Southern ocean heat storage, reemergence, and winter sea ice decline induced by summertime winds[J],2021,34(4).
APA	Doddridge E.W.,Marshall J.,Song H.,Campin J.-M.,&Kelley M..(2021).Southern ocean heat storage, reemergence, and winter sea ice decline induced by summertime winds.Journal of Climate,34(4).
MLA	Doddridge E.W.,et al."Southern ocean heat storage, reemergence, and winter sea ice decline induced by summertime winds".Journal of Climate 34.4(2021).