气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Going to extremes: Installing the world’s highest weather stations on mount everest

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DOI	10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0198.1
	Going to extremes: Installing the world’s highest weather stations on mount everest
	Matthews T.; Perry L.B.; Koch I.; Aryal D.; Khadka A.; Shrestha D.; Abernathy K.; Elmore A.C.; Seimon A.; Tait A.; Elvin S.; Tuladhar S.; Baidya S.K.; Potocki M.; Birkel S.D.; Kang S.; Sherpa T.C.; Gajurel A.; Mayewski P.A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	00030007
期号	2020
英文摘要	As the highest mountain on Earth, Mount Everest is an iconic peak that offers an unrivalled natural platform for measuring ongoing climate change across the full elevation range of Asia’s water towers. However, Everest’s extreme environment challenges data collection, particularly on the mountain’s upper slopes, where glaciers accumulate mass and mountaineers are most exposed. Weather stations have operated on Everest before, including the world’s previous highest, but coverage has been sparse in space and time. Here we describe the installation of a network of five automatic weather stations (AWSs), including the two highest stations on Earth (8,430 m.a.s.l and 7,945 m.a.s.l) which greatly improves monitoring of this iconic mountain. We highlight sample applications of the new data, including an initial assessment of surface energy fluxes at Camp II (6,464 m.a.s.l) and the South Col (7,945 m.a.s.l), which suggest melt occurs at both sites, despite persistently below-freezing air temperatures. This analysis indicates that melt may even be possible at the 8,850 m.a.s.l summit, and prompts a reevaluation of empirical temperature index models used to simulate glacier melt in the Himalaya that focus only on air temperature. We also provide the first evaluation of numerical weather forecasts at almost 8,000 m.a.s.l and use of model output statistics to reduce forecast error, showcasing an important opportunity to improve climber safety on Everest. Looking forward, we emphasize the considerable potential of these freely available data for understanding weather and climate in the Himalaya and beyond, including tracking the behavior of upper-atmosphere winds, which the AWS network is uniquely positioned to monitor. © 2020 American Meteorological Society.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Atmospheric temperature; Climate change; Error statistics; Landforms; Upper atmosphere; Water towers; Weather information services; Automatic weather stations; Empirical temperatures; Extreme environment; Initial assessment; Model output statistics; Numerical weather forecasts; Sample applications; Surface energy fluxes; Weather forecasting
来源期刊	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/177875
作者单位	Department of Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal; Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St., Washington, DC, United States; Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Kathmandu, Nepal; Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China; Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Matthews T.,Perry L.B.,Koch I.,等. Going to extremes: Installing the world’s highest weather stations on mount everest[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2020(2020).
APA	Matthews T..,Perry L.B..,Koch I..,Aryal D..,Khadka A..,...&Mayewski P.A..(2020).Going to extremes: Installing the world’s highest weather stations on mount everest.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society(2020).
MLA	Matthews T.,et al."Going to extremes: Installing the world’s highest weather stations on mount everest".Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .2020(2020).