气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The long winter of 1880/81

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DOI	10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0014.1
	The long winter of 1880/81
	Boustead B.M.; Shulski M.D.; Hilberg S.D.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	00030007
起始页码	E797
结束页码	E813
卷号	101 期号:6
英文摘要	The story of the winter of 1880/81 in the central United States has been retold in historical fiction, including Laura Ingalls Wilder's The Long Winter, as well as in local histories and folklore. What story does the meteorological data tell, and how does it measure up when compared to the fiction and folklore? What were the contributing factors to the severity of the Long Winter, and has it been or could it be repeated? Examining historical and meteorological data, reconstructions, and reanalysis, including the Accumulated Winter Season Severity Index, the Long Winter emerges as one of the most severe since European-descended settlers arrived to the central United States and began documenting weather. Contributing factors to its severity include an extremely negative North Atlantic Oscillation pattern, a mild to moderate El Niño, and a background climate state that was much colder than the twentieth-century average. The winter began early and was particularly cold and snowy throughout its duration, with a sudden spring melt that caused subsequent record-setting flooding. Historical accounts of the winter, including The Long Winter, prove to be largely accurate in describing its severity, as well as its impacts on transportation, fuel availability, food supplies, and human and livestock health. Being just one of the most severe winters on record, there are others in the modern historical record that do compare in severity, providing opportunity for comparing and contrasting the impacts of similarly severe winters. © 2020 American Meteorological Society.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Agriculture; Atmospheric pressure; Food supply; Contributing factor; Historical account; Historical records; Meteorological data; North Atlantic oscillations; Severity index; Twentieth century; Winter seasons; Meteorology
来源期刊	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/177873
作者单位	School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB, United States; Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; NOAA, National Weather Service, Office of the Chief Learning Officer, Warning Decision Training Division, Norman, OK, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Boustead B.M.,Shulski M.D.,Hilberg S.D.. The long winter of 1880/81[J],2020,101(6).
APA	Boustead B.M.,Shulski M.D.,&Hilberg S.D..(2020).The long winter of 1880/81.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,101(6).
MLA	Boustead B.M.,et al."The long winter of 1880/81".Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101.6(2020).