气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Aviation Impacts on Fuel Efficiency of a Future More Viscous Atmosphere

CCPortal

DOI	10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0239.1
	Aviation Impacts on Fuel Efficiency of a Future More Viscous Atmosphere
	Ren D.; Fu R.; Dickinson R.E.; Leslie L.M.; Wang X.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	00030007
起始页码	E1761
结束页码	E1780
卷号	101 期号:10
英文摘要	Aircraft cruising near the tropopause currently benefit from the highest thermal efficiency and the least viscous (sticky) air, within the lowest 50 km of Earth’s atmosphere. Both advantages wane in a warming climate, because atmospheric dynamic viscosity increases with temperature, in synergy with the simultaneous engine efficiency reduction. Here, skin friction drag, the dominant term for extra aviation fuel consumption in a future warming climate, is quantified by 34 climate models under a strong emissions scenario. Since 1950, the viscosity increase at cruising altitudes (~200 hPa) reaches ~1.5% century–1, corresponding to a total drag increment of ~0.22% century–1 for commercial aircraft. Meridional gradients and regional disparities exist, with low to midlatitudes experiencing greater increases in skin friction drag. The North Atlantic corridor (NAC) is moderately affected, but its high traffic volume generates additional fuel cost of ~3.8 × 107 gallons annually by 2100, compared to 2010. Globally, a normal year after 2100 would consume an extra ~4 × 106 barrels per year. Intermodel spread is <5% of the ensemble mean, due to high inter–climate model consensus for warming trends at cruising altitudes in the tropics and subtropics. Because temperature is a well-simulated parameter in the IPCC archive, with only a moderate intermodel spread, the conclusions drawn here are statistically robust. Notably, additional fuel costs are likely from the increased vertical shear and related turbulence at NAC cruising altitudes. Increased flight log availability is required to confirm this apparent increasing turbulence trend. ©2020 American Meteorological Society
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aircraft; Earth atmosphere; Efficiency; Friction; Fuels; Skin friction; Tropics; Turbulence; Viscosity; Atmospheric dynamics; Commercial aircraft; Emissions scenarios; Meridional gradients; Regional disparities; Skin-friction drag; Thermal efficiency; Viscosity increase; Climate models
来源期刊	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/177796
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ren D.,Fu R.,Dickinson R.E.,et al. Aviation Impacts on Fuel Efficiency of a Future More Viscous Atmosphere[J],2020,101(10).
APA	Ren D.,Fu R.,Dickinson R.E.,Leslie L.M.,&Wang X..(2020).Aviation Impacts on Fuel Efficiency of a Future More Viscous Atmosphere.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,101(10).
MLA	Ren D.,et al."Aviation Impacts on Fuel Efficiency of a Future More Viscous Atmosphere".Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101.10(2020).