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DOI	10.3389/fphar.2019.00821
	Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a potential therapeutic agent in Alzheimer’s disease
	Beggiato S.; Tomasini M.C.; Ferraro L.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16639812
卷号	10
英文摘要	N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a non-endocannabinoid lipid mediator belonging to the class of the N-acylethanolamine phospolipids and was firstly isolated from soy lecithin, egg yolk, and peanut meal. Either preclinical or clinical studies indicate that PEA is potentially useful in a wide range of therapeutic areas, including eczema, pain, and neurodegeneration. PEA-containing products are already licensed for use in humans as a nutraceutical, a food supplement, or a food for medical purposes, depending on the country. PEA is especially used in humans for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and has demonstrated high safety and tolerability. Several preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have proven that PEA can induce its biological effects by acting on several molecular targets in both central and peripheral nervous systems. These multiple mechanisms of action clearly differentiate PEA from classic anti-inflammatory drugs and are attributed to the compound that has quite unique anti(neuro)inflammatory properties. According to this view, preclinical studies indicate that PEA, especially in micronized or ultramicronized forms (i.e., formulations that maximize PEA bioavailability and efficacy), could be a potential therapeutic agent for the effective treatment of different pathologies characterized by neurodegeneration, (neuro) inflammation, and pain. In particular, the potential neuroprotective effects of PEA have been demonstrated in several experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease. Interestingly, a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) case study reported that a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patient, treated for 9 months with ultramicronized-PEA/luteolin, presented an improvement of cognitive performances. In the present review, we summarized the current preclinical and clinical evidence of PEA as a possible therapeutic agent in Alzheimer’s disease. The possible PEA neuroprotective mechanism(s) of action is also described. Copyright Beggiato, Tomasini and Ferraro.
英文关键词	3xTg-AD; Animal models; Neuroinflammation; Preclinical studies; Ultramicronized formulation
scopus关键词	amyloid beta protein; levodopa; palmidrol; Alzheimer disease; antiinflammatory activity; blood brain barrier; clinical study; drug bioavailability; drug concentration; drug distribution; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug penetration; drug receptor binding; drug structure; drug targeting; evidence based medicine; human; maximum concentration; nervous system inflammation; neuropathology; neuroprotection; neuropsychological test; nonhuman; outcome assessment; preclinical study; protein expression; Review
来源期刊	Frontiers in Pharmacology
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/176537
作者单位	Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for the Technologies for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara, Italy; IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Beggiato S.,Tomasini M.C.,Ferraro L.. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a potential therapeutic agent in Alzheimer’s disease[J],2019,10.
APA	Beggiato S.,Tomasini M.C.,&Ferraro L..(2019).Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a potential therapeutic agent in Alzheimer’s disease.Frontiers in Pharmacology,10.
MLA	Beggiato S.,et al."Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a potential therapeutic agent in Alzheimer’s disease".Frontiers in Pharmacology 10(2019).