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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.009
	Eddy Covariance measurements and source partitioning of CO2 emissions in an urban environment: Application for Heraklion; Greece
	Stagakis S.; Chrysoulakis N.; Spyridakis N.; Feigenwinter C.; Vogt R.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	13522310
起始页码	278
结束页码	292
卷号	201
英文摘要	Cities are now becoming the focus for CO2 emission reduction efforts worldwide and there is a growing need for establishing emission inventories, developing methodologies for improved CO2 monitoring and understanding of the multiple source, sink and storage processes inside the complex urban environment. This study combines Eddy Covariance (EC) measurements of CO2 flux (FC) during one year period over the city centre of Heraklion with analytical morphological and land cover data to achieve a thorough investigation of the spatiotemporal variability and the controlling factors of FC in the urban setting. The detailed characterization of the urban land cover and 3D structure was performed using high resolution Earth Observation data. The urban morphological data was used to parameterize a turbulent flux source area model and the land cover data used to analyse the contribution of the source area components to the measured FC. Heraklion FC does not present any specific seasonal trend according to the meteorological or vegetation changes throughout the year. Heraklion centre behaves as a net emitter diurnally and throughout the year. The diurnal variability presents a standard pattern in weekdays with a major peak in midday and a secondary in afternoon, clearly following the traffic rush-hour peaks. Space heating emissions during winter remain low, hardly affecting the seasonal and diurnal FC patterns. The main CO2 sources are the major roads and the intersections, where the heavy traffic is located. The source area analysis revealed that traffic contributes 69% to the estimated annual CO2 emissions. Space heating contributes only 11.6%, while human metabolism is estimated to contribute 19.4%. Vegetation cover of the source area is very low and was assumed to have minor effect to the annual FC budget. The estimated total annual emissions of Heraklion case study reach 19.4 kg CO2 m−2 y−1. Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Carbon dioxide emissions; Earth observation; Eddy covariance; Source area; Urban environment
scopus关键词	Budget control; Digital storage; Emission control; Global warming; Observatories; Space heating; Urban planning; Vegetation; Carbon dioxide emissions; Earth observations; Eddy covariance; Source area; Urban environments; Carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; eddy covariance; emission inventory; measurement method; observatory; partitioning; seasonal variation; source apportionment; urban pollution; vegetation cover; Article; building; carbon footprint; climate; Eddy covariance; Greece; heating; land use; priority journal; surface area; traffic; urban area; vegetation; Aegean Islands; Crete [Greece]; Greece; Iraklion [Crete]
来源期刊	Atmospheric Environment
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/176463
作者单位	Remote Sensing Lab, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete GR 700 13, Greece; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Stagakis S.,Chrysoulakis N.,Spyridakis N.,et al. Eddy Covariance measurements and source partitioning of CO2 emissions in an urban environment: Application for Heraklion; Greece[J],2019,201.
APA	Stagakis S.,Chrysoulakis N.,Spyridakis N.,Feigenwinter C.,&Vogt R..(2019).Eddy Covariance measurements and source partitioning of CO2 emissions in an urban environment: Application for Heraklion; Greece.Atmospheric Environment,201.
MLA	Stagakis S.,et al."Eddy Covariance measurements and source partitioning of CO2 emissions in an urban environment: Application for Heraklion; Greece".Atmospheric Environment 201(2019).