气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 environments associated with lightning; large hail; severe wind; and tornadoes

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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0141.1
	Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 environments associated with lightning; large hail; severe wind; and tornadoes
	Taszarek M.; Allen J.T.; Púcik T.; Hoogewind K.A.; Brooks H.E.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0894-8755
起始页码	10263
结束页码	10286
卷号	33 期号:24
英文摘要	In this study we investigate convective environments and their corresponding climatological features over Europe and the United States. For this purpose, National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and Arrival Time Difference long-range lightning detection network (ATDnet) data, ERA5 hybrid-sigma levels, and severe weather reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) Storm Data were combined on a common grid of 0.258 and 1-h steps over the period 1979-2018. The severity of convective hazards increases with increasing instability and wind shear (WMAXSHEAR), but climatological aspects of these features differ over both domains. Environments over the United States are characterized by higher moisture, CAPE, CIN, wind shear, and midtropospheric lapse rates. Conversely, 0-3-km CAPE and low-level lapse rates are higher over Europe. From the climatological perspective severe thunderstorm environments (hours) are around 3-4 times more frequent over the United States with peaks across the Great Plains, Midwest, and Southeast. Over Europe severe environments are the most common over the south with local maxima in northern Italy. Despite having lower CAPE (tail distribution of 3000-4000 J kg21 compared to 6000-8000 J kg21 over the United States), thunderstorms over Europe have a higher probability for convective initiation given a favorable environment. Conversely, the lowest probability for initiation is observed over the Great Plains, but, once a thunderstorm develops, the probability that it will become severe is much higher compared to Europe. Prime conditions for severe thunderstorms over the United States are between April and June, typically from 1200 to 2200 central standard time (CST), while across Europe favorable environments are observed from June to August, usually between 1400 and 2100 UTC. © 2020 American Meteorological Society
英文关键词	Lightning; Precipitation (meteorology); Probability distributions; Convective initiation; Convective storms; Lightning detection; Local maximum; Northern Italy; Severe weather; Standard time; Tail distribution; Thunderstorms; artificial neural network; climate modeling; convective system; numerical model; regional climate; seasonal variation; thunderstorm; Europe; Great Plains; United States
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/171522
作者单位	Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, United States; Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; European Severe Storms Laboratory, Wessling, Germany; Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Taszarek M.,Allen J.T.,Púcik T.,et al. Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 environments associated with lightning; large hail; severe wind; and tornadoes[J],2020,33(24).
APA	Taszarek M.,Allen J.T.,Púcik T.,Hoogewind K.A.,&Brooks H.E..(2020).Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 environments associated with lightning; large hail; severe wind; and tornadoes.Journal of Climate,33(24).
MLA	Taszarek M.,et al."Severe convective storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 environments associated with lightning; large hail; severe wind; and tornadoes".Journal of Climate 33.24(2020).