气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Global and regional entropy production by radiation estimated from satellite observations

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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0596.1
	Global and regional entropy production by radiation estimated from satellite observations
	Kato S.; Rose F.G.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0894-8755
起始页码	2985
结束页码	3000
卷号	33 期号:8
英文摘要	Vertical profiles of shortwave and longwave irradiances computed with satellite-derived cloud properties and temperature and humidity profiles from reanalysis are used to estimate entropy production. Entropy production by shortwave radiation is computed by the absorbed irradiance within layers in the atmosphere and by the surface divided by their temperatures. Similarly, entropy production by longwave radiation is computed by emitted irradiance to space from layers in the atmosphere and surface divided by their temperatures. Global annual mean entropy production by shortwave absorption and longwave emission to space are, respectively, 0.852 and 0.928 W m22 K21. With a steady-state assumption, entropy production by irreversible processes within the Earth system is estimated to be 0.076 W m22 K21 and by nonradiative irreversible processes to be 0.049 W m22 K21. Both global annual mean entropy productions by shortwave absorption and longwave emission to space increase with increasing shortwave absorption (i.e., with decreasing the planetary albedo). The increase of entropy production by shortwave absorption is, however, larger than the increase of entropy production by longwave emission to space. The result implies that global annual mean entropy production by irreversible processes decreases with increasing shortwave absorption. Input and output temperatures derived by dividing the absorbed shortwave irradiance and emitted longwave irradiance to space by respective entropy production are, respectively, 282 and 259 K, which give the Carnot efficiency of the Earth system of 8.5%. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).
英文关键词	Atmospheric temperature; Statistical mechanics; Entropy production; Input and outputs; Irreversible process; Long-wave emissions; Long-wave radiation; Satellite observations; Short-wave radiation; Temperature and humidities; Entropy; air temperature; cloud; entropy; humidity; longwave radiation; satellite imagery; shortwave radiation; vertical profile
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/171354
作者单位	NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Science System and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kato S.,Rose F.G.. Global and regional entropy production by radiation estimated from satellite observations[J],2020,33(8).
APA	Kato S.,&Rose F.G..(2020).Global and regional entropy production by radiation estimated from satellite observations.Journal of Climate,33(8).
MLA	Kato S.,et al."Global and regional entropy production by radiation estimated from satellite observations".Journal of Climate 33.8(2020).