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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0504.1
	Modeled climate responses to realistic extremes of northern hemisphere spring and summer snow anomalies
	Liu S.; Wu Q.; Wang L.; Schroeder S.R.; Zhang Y.; Yao Y.; Hu H.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0894-8755
起始页码	9905
结束页码	9927
卷号	33 期号:22
英文摘要	Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow cover extent (SCE) has diminished in spring and early summer since the 1960s. Historical simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) estimated about half as much NH SCE reduction as observed, and thus underestimated the associated climate responses. This study investigates atmospheric responses to realistic decreasing snow anomalies using multiple ensemble transient integrations of climate models forced by observed light and heavy NH snow cover years, specifically satellite-based observations of NH SCE and snow water equivalent from March to August in 1990 (light snow) and 1985 (heavy snow), as a proxy for the trend. The primary atmospheric responses to March–August NH snow reduction are decreased soil moisture, increased surface air temperature, general tropospheric warming in the extratropics and the Arctic, increased geopotential heights, and weakening of the midlatitude jet stream and eddy kinetic energy. The localized response is maintained by persistent increased diabatic heating due to reduced snow anomalies and resulting soil moisture drying, and the remote atmospheric response results partly from horizontal propagation of stationary Rossby wave energy and also from a transient eddy feedback mechanism. In summer, atmospheric responses are significant in both the Arctic and the tropics and are mostly induced by contemporaneous snow forcing, but also by the summer soil moisture dry anomaly associated with early snow melting. © 2020 American Meteorological Society.
英文关键词	Climate models; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Mechanical waves; Soil moisture; Wave energy conversion; Atmospheric response; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; Geo-potential heights; Historical simulation; Satellite based observations; Snow water equivalent; Surface air temperatures; Tropospheric warming; Snow; climate modeling; ensemble forecasting; extreme event; feedback mechanism; jet stream; kinetic energy; land-atmosphere interaction; Northern Hemisphere; snow; snow cover; snowmelt; soil moisture; spring (season); summer; weather forecasting
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/171077
作者单位	Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; China Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System, Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Zhuhai, China; Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liu S.,Wu Q.,Wang L.,et al. Modeled climate responses to realistic extremes of northern hemisphere spring and summer snow anomalies[J],2020,33(22).
APA	Liu S..,Wu Q..,Wang L..,Schroeder S.R..,Zhang Y..,...&Hu H..(2020).Modeled climate responses to realistic extremes of northern hemisphere spring and summer snow anomalies.Journal of Climate,33(22).
MLA	Liu S.,et al."Modeled climate responses to realistic extremes of northern hemisphere spring and summer snow anomalies".Journal of Climate 33.22(2020).