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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118229
	Physical and chemical characterization of the 2019 “black rain” event in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo; Brazil
	Pereira G.M.; da Silva Caumo S.E.; Grandis A.; do Nascimento E.Q.M.; Correia A.L.; de Melo Jorge Barbosa H.; Marcondes M.A.; Buckeridge M.S.; de Castro Vasconcellos P.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	248
英文摘要	Aerosols emitted from biomass burning in South American tropical forests have been a concern in the last decades. On August 19th, 2019 darkened precipitation was observed over the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), in an unprecedented event termed “black rain”, after intense biomass burning episodes in the South American hinterland. Satellite imagery, back trajectory analyses, and meteorological reports showed air masses transporting thick plumes of biomass burning aerosols originated in part from the Amazon Basin and Bolivia. Rainwater samples were collected in different sites of the metropolitan area, during and after the “black rain” event, and both physically and chemically characterized to assess the possible influence of biomass burning aerosols in the event. The collected samples in the “black rain” event presented high turbidity (above 70 NTU), and biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) were observed in higher concentrations in the “black rain” samples than in control ones (e.g. average levoglucosan of 0.33 μg mL−1, compared to 0.02 μg mL−1 after the event), with deposition fluxes more than three times higher during the event (1.04 mg m−2 and 0.31 mg m−2, respectively). The detection of glucose, xylose, and mannose, after hydrolysis of the solid material present in the “black rain” samples, strongly suggested the presence of plant cell wall material derived from the partial combustion of wood and grass matter. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations were, in general, higher during the event than in post-event control samples collected in the MASP (on average, almost 15 times higher than after the event), with a higher deposition flux (5.1 and 2.7 mg m−2, respectively). Overall, there are strong pieces of evidence that the long-range transport of smoke produced in South American forest fires was connected to the precipitation of darkened rainwater over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
语种	英语
来源期刊	Atmospheric Environment
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/168984
作者单位	Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo05508-000, Brazil; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo05508-090, Brazil; Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo05508-090, Brazil; Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo05508-090, Brazil; University of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pereira G.M.,da Silva Caumo S.E.,Grandis A.,等. Physical and chemical characterization of the 2019 “black rain” event in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo; Brazil[J],2021,248.
APA	Pereira G.M..,da Silva Caumo S.E..,Grandis A..,do Nascimento E.Q.M..,Correia A.L..,...&de Castro Vasconcellos P..(2021).Physical and chemical characterization of the 2019 “black rain” event in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo; Brazil.Atmospheric Environment,248.
MLA	Pereira G.M.,et al."Physical and chemical characterization of the 2019 “black rain” event in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo; Brazil".Atmospheric Environment 248(2021).