气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Methane mapping; emission quantification; and attribution in two European cities: Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE)

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/acp-20-14717-2020
	Methane mapping; emission quantification; and attribution in two European cities: Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE)
	Maazallahi H.; Fernandez J.M.; Menoud M.; Zavala-Araiza D.; Weller Z.D.; Schwietzke S.; Von Fischer J.C.; Denier Van Der Gon H.; Röckmann T.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	14717
结束页码	14740
卷号	20 期号:23
英文摘要	Characterizing and attributing methane (CH4) emissions across varying scales are important from environmental, safety, and economic perspectives and are essential for designing and evaluating effective mitigation strategies. Mobile real-time measurements of CH4 in ambient air offer a fast and effective method to identify and quantify local CH4 emissions in urban areas. We carried out extensive campaigns to measure CH4 mole fractions at the street level in Utrecht, the Netherlands (2018 and 2019), and Hamburg, Germany (2018). We detected 145 leak indications (LIs; i.e., CH4 enhancements of more than 10% above background levels) in Hamburg and 81 LIs in Utrecht. Measurements of the ethane-to-methane ratio (C2:C1), methane-to-carbon dioxide ratio (CH4:CO2), and CH4 isotope composition (δ13C and δD) show that in Hamburg about 1/3 of the LIs, and in Utrecht 2/3 of the LIs (based on a limited set of C2:C1 measurements), were of fossil fuel origin. We find that in both cities the largest emission rates in the identified LI distribution are from fossil fuel sources. In Hamburg, the lower emission rates in the identified LI distribution are often associated with biogenic characteristics or (partly) combustion. Extrapolation of detected LI rates along the roads driven to the gas distribution pipes in the entire road network yields total emissions from sources that can be quantified in the street-level surveys of 440±70tyr-1 from all sources in Hamburg and 150±50tyr-1 for Utrecht. In Hamburg, C2:C1, CH4:CO2, and isotope-based source attributions show that 50%-80% of all emissions originate from the natural gas distribution network; in Utrecht more limited attribution indicates that 70%-90% of the emissions are of fossil origin. Our results confirm previous observations that a few large LIs, creating a heavy tail, are responsible for a significant proportion of fossil CH4 emissions. In Utrecht, 1/3 of total emissions originated from one LI and in Hamburg > 1/4 from two LIs. The largest leaks were located and fixed quickly by GasNetz Hamburg once the LIs were shared, but 80% of the (smaller) LIs attributed to the fossil category could not be detected and/or confirmed as pipeline leaks. This issue requires further investigation. © 2020 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	air quality; atmospheric pollution; combustion; emission inventory; isotopic composition; leakage; methane; point source pollution; quantitative analysis; urban area; urban atmosphere; Germany; Hamburg [Germany]; Hamburg [Hamburg (STT)]; Netherlands; Utrecht [Netherlands]; Utrecht [Utrecht (PRV)]
语种	英语
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/168906
作者单位	Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University (UU), Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), Egham, United Kingdom; Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Statistics, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, United States; Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Maazallahi H.,Fernandez J.M.,Menoud M.,et al. Methane mapping; emission quantification; and attribution in two European cities: Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE)[J],2020,20(23).
APA	Maazallahi H..,Fernandez J.M..,Menoud M..,Zavala-Araiza D..,Weller Z.D..,...&Röckmann T..(2020).Methane mapping; emission quantification; and attribution in two European cities: Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE).Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,20(23).
MLA	Maazallahi H.,et al."Methane mapping; emission quantification; and attribution in two European cities: Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE)".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20.23(2020).