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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-147-2021
	Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method
	Joshi R.; Liu D.; Nemitz E.; Langford B.; Mullinger N.; Squires F.; Lee J.; Wu Y.; Pan X.; Fu P.; Kotthaus S.; Grimmond S.; Zhang Q.; Wu R.; Wild O.; Flynn M.; Coe H.; Allan J.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	147
结束页码	162
卷号	21 期号:1
英文摘要	Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources are critical for effective policymaking and achieving the desired reduction in air pollution. In this study, we present the first direct measurements of urban BC fluxes using eddy covariance. The measurements were made over Beijing within the UK-China Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) winter 2016 and summer 2017 campaigns. In both seasons, the mean measured BC mass (winter: 5.49 ng m-2 s-1, summer: 6.10 ng m-2 s-1) and number fluxes (winter: 261.25 particles cm-2 s-1, summer: 334.37 particles cm-2 s-1) were similar. Traffic was determined to be the dominant source of the BC fluxes measured during both seasons. The total BC emissions within the 2013 Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) are on average too high compared to measured fluxes by a factor of 58.8 (winter) and 47.2 (summer). Only a comparison with the MEIC transport sector shows that emissions are also larger (factor of 37.5 in winter and 37.7 in summer) than the measured flux. Emission ratios of BC / NOx and BC / CO are comparable to vehicular emission control standards implemented in January 2017 for gasoline (China 5) and diesel (China V) engines, indicating a reduction of BC emissions within central Beijing, and extending this to a larger area would further reduce total BC concentrations. © 2021 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	black carbon; carbon flux; eddy covariance; summer; traffic emission; urban atmosphere; winter; Beijing [China]; China
语种	英语
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/168851
作者单位	School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Uk Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Institute of Atmospheric Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Joshi R.,Liu D.,Nemitz E.,et al. Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method[J],2021,21(1).
APA	Joshi R..,Liu D..,Nemitz E..,Langford B..,Mullinger N..,...&Allan J..(2021).Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,21(1).
MLA	Joshi R.,et al."Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21.1(2021).