气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland

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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-1173-2021
	Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland
	Luoma K.; Niemi J.V.; Aurela M.; Lun Fung P.; Helin A.; Hussein T.; Kangas L.; Kousa A.; Rönkkö T.; Timonen H.; Virkkula A.; Petäjä T.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	1173
结束页码	1189
卷号	21 期号:2
英文摘要	In this study, we present results from 12 years of black carbon (BC) measurements at 14 sites around the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) and at one background site outside the HMA. The main local sources of BC in the HMA are traffic and residential wood combustion in fireplaces and sauna stoves. All BC measurements were conducted optically, and therefore we refer to the measured BC as equivalent BC (eBC). Measurement stations were located in different environments that represented traffic environment, detached housing area, urban background, and regional background. The measurements of eBC were conducted from 2007 through 2018; however, the times and the lengths of the time series varied at each site. The largest annual mean eBC concentrations were measured at the traffic sites (from 0.67 to 2.64 μg m-3) and the lowest at the regional background sites (from 0.16 to 0.48 μg m-3). The annual mean eBC concentrations at the detached housing and urban background sites varied from 0.64 to 0.80 μg m-3 and from 0.42 to 0.68 μg m-3, respectively. The clearest seasonal variation was observed at the detached housing sites where residential wood combustion increased the eBC concentrations during the cold season. Diurnal variation in eBC concentration in different urban environments depended clearly on the local sources that were traffic and residential wood combustion. The dependency was not as clear for the typically measured air quality parameters, which were here NOx/i concentration and mass concentration of particles smaller that 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). At four sites which had at least a 4-year-long time series available, the eBC concentrations had statistically significant decreasing trends that varied from -10.4 % yr-1 to -5.9 % yr-1. Compared to trends determined at urban and regional background sites, the absolute trends decreased fastest at traffic sites, especially during the morning rush hour. Relative long-term trends in eBC and NOx/i were similar, and their concentrations decreased more rapidly than that of PM2.5. The results indicated that especially emissions from traffic have decreased in the HMA during the last decade. This shows that air pollution control, new emission standards, and a newer fleet of vehicles had an effect on air quality. © 2021 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	air quality; annual variation; atmospheric pollution; black carbon; concentration (composition); metropolitan area; particulate matter; spatiotemporal analysis; trend analysis; Finland; Helsinki; Varsinais-Suomi
语种	英语
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/168804
作者单位	Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority, P.O. Box 100, Helsinki, 00066, Finland; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki, 00101, Finland; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, 33014, Finland; Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Luoma K.,Niemi J.V.,Aurela M.,et al. Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland[J],2021,21(2).
APA	Luoma K..,Niemi J.V..,Aurela M..,Lun Fung P..,Helin A..,...&Petäjä T..(2021).Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,21(2).
MLA	Luoma K.,et al."Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21.2(2021).