气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Conservation implications of limited Native American impacts in pre-contact New England

CCPortal

DOI	10.1038/s41893-019-0466-0
	Conservation implications of limited Native American impacts in pre-contact New England
	Oswald W.W.; Foster D.R.; Shuman B.N.; Chilton E.S.; Doucette D.L.; Duranleau D.L.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	2398-9629
起始页码	241
结束页码	246
卷号	3 期号:3
英文摘要	An increasingly accepted paradigm in conservation attributes valued modern ecological conditions to past human activities. Disturbances, including prescribed fire, are therefore used by land managers to impede forest development in many potentially wooded landscapes under the interpretation that openland habitats were created and sustained by human-set fire for millennia. We test this paradigm using palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data from New England. Despite the region’s dense population, anthropogenic impacts on the landscape before European contact were limited, and fire activity was independent of changes in human populations. Whereas human populations reached maxima during the Late Archaic (5,000–3,000 yr bp) and Middle–Late Woodland (1,500–500 yr bp) periods, lake-sediment charcoal records indicate elevated fire activity only during the dry early Holocene (10,000–8,000 yr bp) and after European colonization. Pollen data indicate closed forests from 8,000 yr bp to the onset of European deforestation, and archaeological evidence of pre-contact horticultural activity is sparse. Climate largely controlled fire severity in New England during the postglacial interval, and widespread openlands developed only after deforestation for European agriculture. Land managers seeking to emulate pre-contact conditions should de-emphasize human disturbance and focus on developing mature forests; those seeking to maintain openlands should apply the agricultural approaches that initiated them four centuries ago. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Charcoal; Deforestation; Managers; Anthropogenic impacts; Conservation implications; Contact conditions; Ecological conditions; European agriculture; Forest development; Horticultural activities; Human disturbances; Fires
来源期刊	Nature Sustainability
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/163395
作者单位	Institute for Liberal Arts and Interdisciplinary Studies, Emerson College, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, United States; Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States; Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Vestal, NY, United States; The Public Archaeology Laboratory, Inc., Pawtucket, RI, United States; Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Oswald W.W.,Foster D.R.,Shuman B.N.,et al. Conservation implications of limited Native American impacts in pre-contact New England[J],2020,3(3).
APA	Oswald W.W.,Foster D.R.,Shuman B.N.,Chilton E.S.,Doucette D.L.,&Duranleau D.L..(2020).Conservation implications of limited Native American impacts in pre-contact New England.Nature Sustainability,3(3).
MLA	Oswald W.W.,et al."Conservation implications of limited Native American impacts in pre-contact New England".Nature Sustainability 3.3(2020).