气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries

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DOI	10.1038/s41893-019-0222-5
	Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries
	Ciez R.E.; Whitacre J.F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	2398-9629
起始页码	148
结束页码	156
卷号	2 期号:2
英文摘要	Finding scalable lithium-ion battery recycling processes is important as gigawatt hours of batteries are deployed in electric vehicles. Governing bodies have taken notice and have begun to enact recycling targets. While several battery recycling processes exist, the greenhouse gas emissions impacts and economic prospects of these processes differ, and could vary by specific battery chemistry. Here we use an attributional life-cycle analysis, and process-based cost models, to examine the greenhouse gas emissions, energy inputs and costs associated with producing and recycling lithium-ion cells with three common cathode chemistries: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC-622), lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide and lithium iron phosphate. We compare three recycling processes: pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling processes, which reduce cells to elemental products, and direct cathode recycling, which recovers and reconditions ceramic powder cathode material for use in subsequent batteries—retaining a substantial fraction of the energy embodied in the material from their primal manufacturing process. While pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes do not significantly reduce life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, direct cathode recycling has the potential to reduce emissions and be economically competitive. Recycling policies should incentivize battery collection and emissions reductions through energetically efficient recycling processes. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Cathodes; Ceramic products; Cobalt compounds; Cost benefit analysis; Electronic Waste; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Hydrometallurgy; Ions; Iron compounds; Life cycle; Lithium compounds; Nickel oxide; Petroleum prospecting; Pyrometallurgy; Recycling; Battery collections; Emissions reduction; Hydrometallurgical process; Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions; Lithium iron phosphates; Manganese-cobalt oxides; Manufacturing process; Process-based cost models; Lithium-ion batteries
来源期刊	Nature Sustainability
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/163123
作者单位	Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ciez R.E.,Whitacre J.F.. Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries[J],2019,2(2).
APA	Ciez R.E.,&Whitacre J.F..(2019).Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries.Nature Sustainability,2(2).
MLA	Ciez R.E.,et al."Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries".Nature Sustainability 2.2(2019).