气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Hailfalls in southwest Europe: EOF analysis for identifying synoptic pattern and their trends

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.006
	Hailfalls in southwest Europe: EOF analysis for identifying synoptic pattern and their trends
	Merino A.; Sánchez J.L.; Fernández-González S.; García-Ortega E.; Marcos J.L.; Berthet C.; Dessens J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0169-8095
起始页码	42
结束页码	56
卷号	215
英文摘要	One of the main challenges in studies of hail precipitation is the estimation of its trends in the context of global warming. The strong spatiotemporal variability of hailfalls, together with their small scale, makes it difficult to record all such events and build long and homogeneous databases. For this reason, obtaining direct observation trends yields large uncertainties. The study of atmospheric parameters at various scales that influence deep convection and its temporal change has been used to estimate possible trends in the frequency of hailfalls. In this article, we analyze atmospheric variability at synoptic scale during the warm season in Southwest Europe, using empirical orthogonal function analysis and hailfall records from dense hailpad networks in northeastern Spain and southern France. These networks have uninterrupted operation during the warm season and reliable data. This method allowed us to obtain spatial modes of variability and temporal changes, facilitating estimation of changes in hail frequencies. The results show that the main modes of variability of 500-hPa geopotential height facilitate the definition of patterns that favor hailfalls throughout the warm season, whereas lapse-rate patterns between 850 and 500 hPa are shown to be important in the central months of the hail season. In addition, temporal changes in patterns related to hailfall variability suggest changes in the hailfall distribution during the warm season, with a decrease in hail frequency during June and increase during July. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Convection; EOF; Hailfalls; Southwest Europe; Synoptic variability
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Global warming; Heat convection; Orthogonal functions; Precipitation (meteorology); Atmospheric parameters; Atmospheric variability; Empirical orthogonal function analysis; Hailfalls; Southwest Europe; Spatiotemporal variability; Synoptic variability; Uninterrupted operations; Frequency estimation; atmospheric convection; climate variation; empirical orthogonal function analysis; global warming; hail; identification method; precipitation (climatology); regional climate; seasonal variation; synoptic meteorology; temporal variation; trend analysis; France; Spain
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/162170
作者单位	Atmospheric Physics Group, IMA, University of León, León, Spain; State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Leonardo Prieto 8, Madrid, Spain; ANELFA, Toulouse, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Merino A.,Sánchez J.L.,Fernández-González S.,et al. Hailfalls in southwest Europe: EOF analysis for identifying synoptic pattern and their trends[J],2019,215.
APA	Merino A..,Sánchez J.L..,Fernández-González S..,García-Ortega E..,Marcos J.L..,...&Dessens J..(2019).Hailfalls in southwest Europe: EOF analysis for identifying synoptic pattern and their trends.Atmospheric Research,215.
MLA	Merino A.,et al."Hailfalls in southwest Europe: EOF analysis for identifying synoptic pattern and their trends".Atmospheric Research 215(2019).